Tesla battery storage will accelerate exit of coal generators
reneweconomy.com.au
reneweconomy.com.au
I find it fascinating, that, by 2017, there will be areas in Hawaii and Australia, in which you can make an argument that Solar Power is now less expensive that grid power.
What these authors seem to fail to recognize (or highlight) in their criticism - is that these lines are being crossed 10-15 years ahead of time. Nobody expected parity on these edge cases until at least 2025-2030, and we're going to see it in 2016.
And, what they also seem to fail to recognize, is that the curves for solar are going down. This is just the start.
"Deutsche Bank actually predicts that all 50 US states will be at grid parity by 2016 — that’s next year. (Note that it takes several years to build coal, natural gas, or nuclear power plants.)
Deutsche Bank also predicts that ~80% of the global electricity market will be at grid parity by 2017. This is why solar power is scaring coal companies, natural gas companies, and utilities so much, and why you see so many anti-solar myths out there being repeated over and over again… despite being several years out of date."
This article is about whether it makes sense to buy a tesla battery right now. It doesn't matter if solar will be half the cost in five years. If that's the case, just buy it then when the numbers make sense.
Let's say someone wrote an article reviewing a new apartment complex opening in the Tenderloin of SF. If they said that the crime there is terrible so people should look elsewhere, would you be complaining if they didn't provide in-depth projects of potential future crime rates in the same area?
Right now, Germany is charging ahead on solar. Their current peak record is 50.4% of total power from solar, on a sunny midsummer day with low power usage. Meanwhile, all of their neigbouring countries to the east are doing massive overhauls/reconfigurations of their power distribution grids just to be able to supply Germany with enough base power, mainly from nuclear.
From the perspective of watching trends back in 2005, this wasn't supposed to happen until 2025, so it's arriving 10 years early.
There's nothing that would prevent a good storage system + wind + power from supplying 100% of the power requirements reliably. You just need to scale your Storage system to handle the periods in which solar/wind aren't driving power.
Regarding the Germany Scenario - Let's see how much nuclear they are going to require after they add a few Terrawatt-Hours worth of battery storage to their grid.
Finally, commenting on your "so Serious Scientists" - there are a lot of them that have done the calculations and have come to the conclusion that only a solar solution will supply the world with the power it requires so that everyone can have an first-world lifestlye. In particular, check out Nate Lewis's introduction to Solar Energy - https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodca... ,He "provides a beginner's overview of the concepts behind solar energy generation as well as the current state of the art and its potential role in future energy production."
It's eye opening - even nuclear power plants don't stand a chance versus solar (which, to be honest, is just harvesting the output of a really, really, really big fusion generator)
The missing component has always been storage, and Elon has jumpstarted that conversation. The powerall is interesting, the gigafactory is more interesting, but the fact that he realizes Tesla is only going to be a tiny, tiny element of a much larger industrial transition, is, in my mind, the most important part of this story.
Nothing, except for costs. Those are going down and are becoming competitive for many parts of the world, but costs will be prohibitive for some climates for quite a while. For example, if you have lots of snow and strong winds in winter, you may need to have _weeks_ of power storage to get reliable power.
Keeping a grid connection for those cases will help, but if lots of people do this, the price of power in those peak periods may surge a lot as your electricity supplier will have to recoup the costs of keeping its plant on standby year round in a few weeks.
That seems fixable by connecting solar/wind systems over large distances, but we have to work on getting a grid that is fed by thousands of suppliers and in which the direction power flows can vary more.
But yes, I think solar and wind are the future and even the near future, even in the less sunny parts of the world.
And I don't believe we will ever be able to get the whole world up to current western consumption levels. More to the point, we really shouldn't, as current consumption levels in the west are clearly unsustainable.
The northern climates, then, are a challenge for solar, even with lots of storage. Fair point, and something to think about.
But, as to your second point, about how we shouldn't get the whole world up to current western consumption levels - I don't know about you, but I like hot water in the morning, air conditioning on a hot day, clean clothes from the washing machine, baked goods at home, and and a warm house on a cold winters day. I agree that efficiency is important (all of those things can be delivered more efficiently - same value with less energy), but I certainly wouldn't suggest that everyone in the world shouldn't have access to them, and more.
My point about not getting everyone up to western consumption levels isn't mainly about the things you mention. It's more about the use-and-throw-away culture, plus the general inability of people to make stuff themselves. Imagine the impact if people started mending stuff and clothes, cooking their own food, taking the bicycle with a trailer to the local market to do the weekly shopping, etc. Not just on reducing direct and (mainly) indirect energy consumption, but on public health and general happiness levels! There's so much of our energy consumption that doesn't improve our lives in any meaningful way.
Likewise, my Mountain Equipment Co-Op Backpack that I've had for 18 years - I've had that with me every single day for 19 years, it's my laptop case, my tool case, my document holder - In the Amazon Jungle, Luxembourg, and with Network Engineers in London, Dubai and Singapore. I've used the heck out of it - and it's still going strong.
So, I'm totally on board with having a very few things, that you take good care of, and last a long time.
But - this is a separate conversation (somewhat) from energy usage. Heat, Pumping/Processing water, cooling - they all have some physical minimum amounts of power. And even if you are living a hyper-efficient 40 gallons/day life style (Northern California, see http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/04/01/us/water-use-i... ) versus the rest of the world (See: http://www.data360.org/dsg.aspx?Data_Set_Group_Id=757) - there are some physical limits as to how little energy you can use and still maintain a comfortable lifestyle. We can only be efficient so far - eventually we're going to have to find a way to provide lots, and lots, and lots of power to everyone in the world, if they want to live a comfortable lifestyle.
Thankfully, much of that comes from having warm homes, and hot water - something that Solar does an admirable job of providing (bringing it all back to the original thread).
Taking your example - Oakland near Lake Merrit in 17th has some significant crime, but any writer worth their salt taking about it, would compare it to when I lived there, back in 1996-1998, to discuss how far it has come in the last 20 years, and what the general trend is.
Ration decisions rely on perfect knowledge.
But the economies break down slightly if you are not paying 10c/kWh for electricity. In Australia we pay more than double that, even taking currency exchange into account.
Also, we have to pay a 70-80c AUD "connection charge" for the privilege of paying them for electricity.
Basically, while prices are falling slightly, they won't forever.
I agree that letting others take the risk early on, and hopefully push the storage price down, is a good move though.
No doubt battery technology is important for the management of the power grid of the future, but at this time the average homeowner should let the big power generation utilities take the risks and bear the costs of perfecting the technology."
cough .. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeast_blackout_of_2003 .. cough
If you run the numbers, the battery slightly decreases the payback time for that system to ~7 years vs 7.5 with the panels alone. However, once its paid off, it could save almost $1000 a year if you live in somewhere like Sydney. This does make the big assumption that you store the electricity and use it optimally, but it's not unreasonable.
I would argue that in this case, it's definitely worth buying.
http://www.eevblog.com/2015/03/16/eevblog-724-home-solar-pow...
Chris's main allegation seems to be that you have to have a hell of a lot of cash to even hope to make it worthwhile- and considering it's $5k for the cheapest battery setup, plus anywhere from $5-30k for your panels, I think he's not wrong, no matter what your electricity prices are.
Or cheap financing. Other examples of assets that are extremely useful that can be inexpensively financed would be housing or a car. Why would solar be different?
You can think of it as an investment which will take 5-10 years to mature with a secondary benefit of backup power if the grid goes down. Not everyone can afford it, but that's the nature of investment.
Also in Chris' scenario, he's using America as the model. Electricity costs there are just over half those in Australia.
To add more to the energy debate, I haven't seen too many people talk about replacing ships fuel, since that accounts for ~20% of our CO2 pollution, from sources I read a few years back.
Maybe replacing our grid and all grids is a feasible goal which is why companies are tackling it now?
Trucks, ships, and rockets consume a lot of fuel and are horrible polluters. When we can replace perishables fuels with renewables we will finally see the light at the end of the tunnel.
Although the author has 'corrected' his numbers, he has not modified his conclusions. Someone who does that is not worth paying attention to.
I would like to read a sober and accurate accurate article on Tesla's powerwall, this one is not.
I still think there is a fundamental need to re-think the energy market though - specifically on the role the power utility plays. Clearly they won't be selling a great deal of power but they play a key role in absorbing spikes (both up and down) and stepping in when the grid needs to be balanced. Somehow they need to be fairly compensated for that universal arbiter role & charging per unit of electricity doesn't seem to work well on this new landscape.
While change is happening and change in inevitable I think you're greatly overestimating the rate of the change and badly misunderstanding the quality.
You are probably going to move where the power is cheap though:
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-03-17/silicon-me...
In this case, Alcoa is performing aluminum smelting in Iceland precisely because of cheaper geothermal power generation available there.
Yes, as my pre-comment scan of the Wikipedia article on aluminum smelting (to double-check I had the right electricity-intensive industrial process) said in the second paragraph [1]. I didn't think it worth adding to the comment.
Of course aluminum plants move to where electricity is cheap, all else being equal... exactly what alternative do you think I was proposing?
Further, geothermal is significantly different for this use case, as geothermal can be used for base load applications where solar can not. Since such plants tend to run without regard for where the sun is in the sky, this sort of industry would be very difficult to run off of solar power without absurdly overprovisioning for power storage, which remains a significant problem at this scale. You are also not going to run your aluminum smelting plant for 18 hours out of the day on battery power!
Here's another fun thought: 6% of electricity is lost due to transmission costs. Will it be more efficient (in some cases, at least) to physically move charged batteries from solar fields to (nearer to) end users than to send it over the wire?
No, not in this universe, anyway.
The most basic power distribution in the world is people with Ox and cart distributing lead/acid batteries to remote villages. Transmitting power this way is the least efficient way possible.
http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/plugged-in/2014/10/07/en...
It looks like a Tesla S battery pack is a little over 1,200 lbs. So for a rough estimate, consider the distance a Tesla S can tow 20,000 lbs. Probably not very far.
Unless I botched my reasoning somewhere, it looks like battery energy densities would have to increase by an order of magnitude or two for this to become a thing.
Give it time.
In 2003, Alaska built the world's largest battery at 4.7MWh.
In 2012, China built the world's largest battery at 36MWh.
In 2014 Southern California Edison announced it was buying a 400MWh battery.
On that curve, we should be up to an 18GWh battery before all that long.
I would be shocked if Tesla Energy isn't assembling entire systems cargo container by cargo container in Reno and shipping them by rail across the country in the next 2-3 years.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bath_County_Pumped_Storage_Sta...
Pumped hydro electric storage ftw.
That's the situation I'm familiar with, but that may be a peculiarity of the under-developed grid in my area.
Building smelters next to coal fields is a way of producing cheap aluminium. Coal is still the cheapest way to make electricity - it's only places where the government has explicitly made this not the case that coal is expensive.
Generally unfavourable government regulations simply moves production to places without the regulation - for no net change in production or coal consumption. Sometimes it's a net negative if the new location has lower local emissions standards and technology.
People are sometimes fooled by sunk capital costs of old power plants.
Besides, an ability to increase production implies idle production capacity, which, as you state, is a poor use of capital allocation.
Lots of people see a few solar panels and tesla announcing sleek batteries, and think a new age is upon us. Not yet.
Take a look at Hawaii - the "rate of the change" is so big the utility pretty much stopped connecting people's PV panels because the grid couldn't deal with it.
As the percentage of renewables increases the fluctuations grow bigger. e.g. Germany already has 40GW of solar installed...so if its overcast then you need an entire fleet of nuclear plants to pick up the slack (sure it doesn't drop to 0GW but you get the point).
Those companies you mentioned that will still need power - not sure how that is relevant to the fluctuations? Or do you propose that they carry to cost for everyone?
The majority of energy usage is in commercial processes - factories and commercial buildings.
Think about an airline. To make money it has to fly when it's customers want to take a flight - not when the spot price of jet fuel is advantageous. An airline which flew when the price of flying was cheap would attract a niche market of price sensitive travellers. Everyone else wants the flight at a set time.
The same goes for industrial production. If you spend money building a large commercial business which has specific energy needs, you want that asset producing a return as close as possible to 24x7x365. There are very few types of industry that lend themselves to batch production (which implies spending capital to create overcapacity to absorb spikes).
The need for baseload generation is not going anywhere. The more advanced and productive the society, the higher the need for baseload power.
Yes, it is. Baseload is a principle you can take advantage of to introduce massive plants that need to output at 100% almost all the time, like nuclear plants. There's no intrinsic need for baseload. What matters is always matching the demand curve. You can do that with variable sources like wind and solar with a dispatchable source like hydro or gas, just as in the baseload + peak situation.
Look around you at the things which are consuming power 24/7. Look beyond your dwelling at the street, the neighbourhood, the city and the country.
All those things require constant power 24/7, without interruption. That is what baseload is. It's not some invention of the existing generation industry, it's a function of demand. It's not some conspiracy theory dreamt up by the nuclear power industry.
Cities without baseload power have long periods of blackouts and intermittent power. These are places of lower standard of living.
At what number of deep-cycle discharges does it void?
Anyways - the entire purpose of the 10 kWh battery, is to be used in scenarios in which you fill them with Solar during the day and (potentially) drain them at night. So, unless someone states otherwise, I'd presume daily full discharge of the 10 kWh for that 10 year warranty.
Tesla cars are warrantied the same way. He over promises now to get traction, then uses the profit at volume to cover any gaps in initial deployments. It's a pretty solid plan, but you have to deliver or you lose your reputation. Musk knows he can do it.
There's environmental factors to it too - temperature has an effect, and if you can control the temperature over time, you can reduce the effect.
This lecture (1h, 13m) goes into it in detail, including how it can be prevented, ways of testing, and more: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9qi03QawZEk
Musk's batteries are the entire definition of a disruptive product. They're certainly not better than most energy solutions, but it'll be cheap and useful for a non-trivial sector of the market.
We haven't even begun to see the real advances in economies of scale for batteries, let alone the technologies that have been in development in the last decade.
Look at this chart for a coal company[1]. It's already been almost dead and a major chunk of the coal GHG emissions are already cut way back (albeit at the expense of natural gas emissions).
http://finance.yahoo.com/echarts?s=ACI+Interactive#{"range":...
http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=73&t=11
That is already a big win.
1949-2011: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/pdf/sec7_9.pdf
2008-2014Q2: http://www.eia.gov/coal/production/quarterly/pdf/t32p01p1.pd...
Unfortunately, it doesn't back up your claim at all that it's "almost dead"... It looks like we're about 18% off from the peak in 2007.
http://www.eia.gov/cfapps/ipdbproject/iedindex3.cfm?tid=1&pi...
Sorry if it wasn't obvious, but coal companies have to make money. They are at the point now where they are on the verge of being wiped out by natural gas.
It will reach a point where coal makes absolutely no sense to invest in and the game will stop there. It's already at the point where nobody in their right mind is putting money into new large coal prospects.
http://data.cnbc.com/quotes/HNRG
A single company's stock production does not indicate the state of coal any more than Gateway's stock chart represents the state of technology.
It's a bit daft to point to a company that has a pretty be hedge against the decline of coal.
I pointed to ACI because they mostly depend on coal sales in the US so it's a pretty nice reflection of the US domestic coal market.
In the ten year period between 2002 and 2012 (the only figure I have the most recent numbers for) coal consumption went from 5 and a half billion tons to over 8 billion tons, and it's slated to hit 9 billion tons by 2019.
It is only expensive in places where the government has decided to force it out of business via taxes and regulations. That's not true for most of the world, and the future of coal production is certainly up.
You mean "properly include the cost of it's externalities".
Coal is the epitome of "tragedy of the commons". The faster a stake is driven through its heart, the better off the world will be.
Drive coal out of production now and you'll cause a lot more problems than you solve. Lots of activists like to do their ten minutes of hate on coal, but they never stop and think about all the good that it does. It's a case of 'what has coal ever done for us'. Apart from all the lighting, refrigeration, production, water distribution, heating, cooling and computing it enables throughout the world.
The age of coal will eventually end. It is best managed rather then fervently trying to prevent.
When every single village and town has reliable and cheap electricity supply and their productivity has been raised to the point where they can afford cheaper replacements, then coal still has a place.
All those TV adverts for villages with no clean water - what they first need is a power station to power pumps and filtration. When you see kids that have no education, what they first need is electricity so their parents don't have to make the kids work all day, and lighting so they can read at night.
Those places, if they don't have hydro available, need coal fired electricity capable of being delivered at 10c/kWh. They don't need a tesla battery pack and solar panels any more than they need a tesla model s.
I think most of them would trade a bit of coal pollution for the pollution from burning wood and dried out cowshit inside their homes. And it's downright wrong for people in rich countries to out their nose in the air and try and tell them they can't.
> Wind power, on average, sold for 2.5¢ per kilowatt-hour in the US in 2013, when looking at PPA prices (2014 numbers are due to come out this week). That’s the average for all reported PPAs, which means they’re a bit under 4¢ per kilowatt-hour without subsidies. These super-low prices are extremely hard to beat, and demonstrate why so much of the electricity generation capacity added in the past few years has come from wind power plants.
The article also has several examples of utility scale solar already producing power below 6 cents/KwH.
Fridges and lighting and waterpumps need 24/7 power.
Solar with battery raises these costs considerably and are not suitable for the type of power needed.
Solar in-fill is great at low cost. It doesn't scale out like that when you need to make power 24/7.
I have nothing against solar power and battery tech. I just try and keep things in perspective of the bigger picture for the majority of the world.
For the former you need a storage tank after the compressor and for the latter you need a water tower.
For lighting, you are correct, but that needs very little capacity.
Distributed solar with batteries is still cheaper than coal plants and running power distribution all over the third world.
> I think most of them would trade a bit of coal pollution for the pollution from burning wood and dried out cowshit inside their homes. And it's downright wrong for people in rich countries to out their nose in the air and try and tell them they can't.
It would be more effective for us in the first world to subsidize solar technology for the third world, instead of the terribly pathetic idea of continuing to build coal plants.
Many developing nations skipped out on landlines and jumped straight to mobile. Instead of a nation-wide power distribution network with coal-fired generators, perhaps we will see some countries jumping straight to distributed solar.
Just as solar panels were not expected to reach $0.70/watt until 2030 (reached it last year), batteries were not expected to reach $400/kWh until years from now.
It is now quite possible that off-grid will make economic sense across wide swaths of the globe for new construction, across a subset for retrofits.
What? Your ordinary starting battery for a medium-sized car has 65 Ah @ 12 V. That is 780 wH. They cost here < 60 € or about 65 $.
So they are significantly less than $100/kWh, and the technology has been around for more than a hundred years.
(These are starting batteries, not entirely suitable for storing e.g. solar which are currently a bit more expensive, but not nearly twice as expensive, and the difference in price comes just from manufacturing and sales volume).
You do not use the whole 1.26kWh each cycle - you only want to use e.g. 50% of that, so that you get reasonable battery life (fully discharge your lead-acid batteries, and you won't have any electrodes left). So $208/kWh might be the 'actually usable' value.
The harder number to find is battery lifetime - it depends on many factors (discharge depth, number of cycles per year, storage temperature, exact battery type, etc). And when you are doing cost-benefit analysis, this number is a vital part of your calculations. You also want to know 'if I wait x years, will the price of Tesla batteries have dropped so much that I would be better holding cash now, and buying Tesla batteries in the future).
This headline number is not the total cost of course, you need charge controller, inverter, building to house the batteries, etc.
[0] http://www.bimblesolar.com/27DC105-105AH-12V?search=battery
But to try answering your question, here [0] the UK govt says it is 5% for battery banks for wind power, and for hydro power. Solar is not mentioned, my guess would be that the rate on the battery we are discussing is 5%.
[0] https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/vat-notice-7086-e...
I'm afraid my country (Finland) taxes them with 24 % VAT just like almost everything else.
Because use in laptops would demonstrate otherwise.
Considering there's 3 year old Teslas that are still running with 80%+ capacity, I'd say that yes, they can manage to last more than two years.
The definition is the relevant one for the context. The definition of affordable here is relative to the people who may buy it. If it is affordable for >50% of new homebuilders in US, Europe, Japan, etc, and for the minority middle classes in middle income countries (china, Brazil..) then it is "affordable" in the context that we are talking about.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albedo suggests otherwise.
4% is equivalent to Black Asphalt (basically the least reflective common surface they could find).