"Since functions and data structures are completely different types of animal it is fundamentally incorrect to lock them up in the same cage."

The conclusion doesn't follow.

"In an OOPL data type definitions belong to objects. So I can't find all the data type definition in one place. In Erlang or C I can define all my data types in a single include file or data dictionary. In an OOPL I can't - the data type definitions are spread out all over the place."

That's not true, you can create a file which contains all the types as interfaces.

"In an OOPL I have to choose some base object in which I will define the ubiquitous data structure, all other objects that want to use this data structure must inherit this object."

You can implement an interface instead of inheriting a class.