tl;dr
> The critical question is not whether the dog sniff occurs before or after the officer issues a ticket, but whether conducting the sniff adds time to the stop. [p. 3]
> The critical question is not whether the dog sniff occurs before or after the officer issues a ticket, but whether conducting the sniff adds time to the stop. [p. 3]
If police departments could afford to make every existing single-officer patrol unit a two-officer K-9 unit, they'd already do that.