I have tried this with kernel caching enabled. (kernel caching IS enabled by default from what I can see). Still unable to reproduce using curl.
I created a rule to cache all .png files and I changed the curl request to request a .png image on the server. I got a BSOD!
curl -v http://example.com/image.png -H "Range: bytes=18-18446744073709551615"
(If you could take a screenshot/snapshot that'd be great.)
I'm really curious to see what bugcheck is being hit.
Edit:
Actually sometimes you get additional info: