Wash your hands
blog.postmaster.gr
blog.postmaster.gr
"The [Michigan Keystone ICU Project] targeted a specific type of infection that ICU patients can get while in the hospital – catheter-related bloodstream infections.
These infections are expensive and potentially lethal. They add approximately $18,000 to the cost of care when a patient contracts them, and cause 24,000 deaths per year.
The Keystone Project sought to change clinicians’ behaviors when inserting catheters into ICU patients. To do so, the team made a checklist, measured infection rates, and changed hospital culture. The checklist’s components consisted of hand washing; using a cap, gown, and mask; cleaning the patient’s skin with a disinfectant; avoiding placing catheters near the groin; and removing unnecessary catheters.
These five steps were associated with a 66-percent reduction in these infections throughout the state, saving over 1,500 lives and $200 million in the first 18 months alone."
Source: http://www.healthreform.gov/reports/success/michigan.html
The number is mind-blowingly low, especially since when I'm in public restrooms myself, the number of people who wash their hands seems to be in the majority.
Of course, my sampling could be off because people could be self concious of being watched, doctors could be in more of a rush, etc. But 9%? That's an incredible data point and needs incredible evidence.
Edit: Went back and read the original study. First of all, the study isn't about washing hands after the /toilet/ at all, but rather about washing hands after /patient contact/. Second, nowhere obvious in the study does it say that doctors believe they washed hands 73% of times. In fact, there is no mention of any survey whatsoever...
""Fourteen of these 19 subjects subsequently participated in the remain- ing phases of the program. Among this cohort, the mean self-estimated handwashing rate was 73% (range, 50%-95%), compared with the covertly observed rate for this cohort of 8.6% before and 10.8% after patient contact, with an individual mean rate of 10% (range, 0-33%)."
Recently I read a study (or talked with a doctor who told me about it, can't remember) saying that it is actually more efficient to use disinfectants occasionally (ie on demand) instead of washing one's hands all the time. People tend to be wary of disinfectants because they tend to sting on the skin, but apparently the stinging is only a sign that the skin is already damaged. Apparently the disinfectants also contain stuff that is good for the skin, so using them is not as bad as it seems.
I found this out in first year university biology. We swabbed and cultured our hands before and after washing with plain soap. Almost no colony forming units of bacteria are left after a short wash. A reasonable amount of the fungi is still there though.
Maybe that experiment should be done at school with all children.