Nice summary/intro to ML.
I challenge one point, near the end "Life is the greatest epistemological problem of all... We arrive into this world not knowing anything, and using only these mountains of data, we try to put them together in a way that makes this massive, immensely complex world, slightly more understandable and predictable."
Your point is of course correct, but perhaps not complete. Two observations: 1) The purpose of the nervous system is to allow more coordinated movement. 2) Rhythm is the fundamental computational element of life (including brains).
Conclusion: The only purpose of it all is to dance.