What the world would look like if light traveled slowly (interactive simulation)

I think the real problem with that question is deciding exactly what you mean by "disappear." If you blow the sun up, it still has all its mass, it's just spreading apart, and the effect this has on Earth can be graphed continuously. Likewise if you just move it somewhere else really fast (because you can't move it faster-than-light.) If you convert it completely into energy, by the mass-energy equation, it still has all its mass.

Thinking about gravity becomes a lot simpler when you realize that every one of those particles of the Sun is quantum-entangled with all the particles of the Earth. If you want to "remove" the Sun, you have to decide what that means for the decoherence of the configuration subspace consisting of (what was previously) Sun + Earth.

Configurations only evolve toward more definite subsections of themselves, not completely "new," remote amplitudes. Also, as far as we can tell, decoherence is computable from the completely local neighborhood of the amplitude-mass in question. Thus, gravitational transmission has to take some amount of time, in the same way that one domino can't knock down another across the room instead of going through the dominos in-between.

The interesting thing is that some of the particles of the Earth (analogously, the intermediate dominos) would be immediately affected—but it would take Au/C before enough of them were affected that that decoherence would become detectable.

dll errors under windows. Oh well. Let's hear it for shit engineering.