Java doesn't have particularly good compile-time type checking. It's mostly there for performance rather than safety guarantees.

While Clojure is a dynamic language, it actually does have optional type checking, courtesy of the core.typed library. This isn't perfect, but it is considerably more sophisticated than Java's inbuilt type system.

Even without static type checking, I'd argue that Clojure is the safer language by default, since it mostly avoids mutability.