I'm skeptical of the total loss quoted. If a stock drops from 2B to 0.3B market cap, it doesn't necessarily mean that investors lost 1.7B in the pump and dump. For that to happen 100% of the shares would have had to have traded hands. The remaining investors would have been there for the ride up as well as the ride back down.
In 2014, pot companies had the most drastic ups and downs for penny stocks
A missed opportunity to use the phrase "highs and lows"