That's taking the long view. :-)
That's taking the long view. :-)
Paradoxically SSDs from two years ago have better endurance than brand new drives now, and a lot better than SSDs in 5 years (unless something big happens).
In anycase, so as long as the SSD is powered and thus able to rewrite blocks as bits start to go bad (creating some wear in the process but not a whole lot compared to normal operation), the actual data will be retained for significantly longer than 10 years.
Unpowered data retention (where there is nothing there checking for and rewriting blocks whos bits start to go bad) depends on cell wear. I didn't pull up the chip specs but my recollection is that it is 10 years for new cells and 1-2 years for a relatively worn cell. Depends on temperature of course. That means I can pull a SSD and shelve it without too much worry for a relatively long time, something that cannot be said for any hard drive.
CD's corrode from the inside out, primarily due to air trapped in the holes I believe. Even though it is laser burned there is no real care taken in constructing the plastic sides or metal film to keep up air so when it gets vaporized the oxygen sticks around and starts corroding the metal. Or the plastic gets fuzzy from UV exposure or age. Totally different ballgame.
Hard drives have even worse problems if left unpowered. I used to pull backup drives and shelve them, but their life spans are radically lowered if left unpowered on a shelf for 6 months and then replugged into a machine at a later time. I'm sure some HDD expert can say why. So I stopped doing that. Now the backup drives stay powered on 24x7.
Hard drives seem to have a limited life span whether you use them or not. I have tons of old HDDs sitting around, some well over 20 years old in fact. If I plug an old HDD in I can sometimes read the data off before the whole thing turns into a brick. I mostly use them to test disk driver error handling.
SSDs left sitting around can always be reformatted (i.e. just using TRIM to clean out the whole thing then start writing to it fresh). Their wear limit is based on rewrite cycles rather than how long they've been sitting around. HDDs are physically destroyed, you don't get a fresh start by reformatting an old HDD.
-Matt
That's kind of mysterious. All things being equal, they should simply experience less wear (no wear, really, other than oxidation and corrosion) than the same drive which has been left plugged in.
I would be happy to be instructed here, though.
FWIW, lots of hardware from ~30 years ago still works. I have a 27 year old Amiga500 that still boots fine (many of the floppy disks have become unreadable, though).
You can buy fully working vintage computers much older than that on eBay.
30 years would be exceptional if the machine spent its life at the 5-year-target load.
RAID controllers fail left and right. we keep tons of spares around.
ssd's fail few and far between, cpus basically do not fail, and memory can go bad but it's exceedingly rare and easy to fix. psu's fail but are easy to fix in modern computers as well (slide-out, redundant, etc.)
having said all that, heat is the primary killer of hardware. if you run a lot of equipment in a dense environment, get a laser thermometer and find your hot spots and fix them with some industrial fans or move your gear around. once your stuff gets hot anything can fail in weird and mysterious ways.
Network cards are subject to lots of signal phenomena that are rare inside the chassis. Long cables are pretty good antennas for certain types of RF signals, so there are all kinds of electrical noises, induced power spikes and other miscellaneous garbage that the network card has to tolerate. Well-shielded cables can help protect the card, but it's definitely one interface that's subject to a bit more electrical abuse than the rest.
Components that have been stressed beyond their tolerances a few times can result in things like signal filters having a lower noise threshold, which makes it harder for the card to pick out the signal from the noise, which leads to more packet loss. After enough abuse, the threshold drops below the usable level and communications halt.
There are lots of factors involved, such as shielding, proximity to nearby radiators, bend radius in cables, cable length, temperature, etc, etc. Whenever I delve into this world, I'm often amazed that anything works at all.
this mostly happens with the on-board controllers. nics don't fail as often, but we do use high end nics (intel 10g and 4x 1g)
All ways they can. I've found them with blown transistors, dead rats attached, no physical imperfections, etc.
Usually for me it's been some kind of hard failure, eg completely dead.
Kind of scary. I would guess the replacement should be perfectly identical, to the last firmware bit (... and giving thanks that no subtle circuit timing factors are involved).