Electrons in a single atom is a different question from electrons in different atoms.
Of course, I am probably wrong, and look forward to your pointers to further reading to help me understand more.
Electrons in a single atom is a different question from electrons in different atoms.
Of course, I am probably wrong, and look forward to your pointers to further reading to help me understand more.
http://cornellmath.wordpress.com/2007/08/08/why-stuff-is-har...
http://cornellmath.wordpress.com/2007/08/11/why-everything-i...
http://cornellmath.wordpress.com/2007/08/11/why-everything-i...
Complete argument is the Dyson, Lieb and Thirring's proof of stability of matter, http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.bams/1183555452 .
Why would electrons in different atoms interact differently than electrons in the same atom? They don't, as far as I know. Furthermore, if electrons from different atoms only interacted Coulombically (repelling each other), molecules and solids would never get formed.
These are difficult questions, not addressed in the clear-cut cases often presented in introductory QM textbooks. I can't think of any must-read references right now, but if you're interested in this kind of thing I know of two books on molecular quantum mechanics; one by McWeeney (methods of molecular quantum mechanics) and one by Atkins (molecular quantum mechanics), which I haven't read myself, but I hear it's good. I don't know of any free online sources for this kind of stuff, but it's probably out there, I just haven't really looked yet.