Beat Detection Algorithms [pdf]
flipcode.com
flipcode.com
While I had fun with the WebAudio API (sorta...), the part about beat detection straight up kicked my ass.
For the curious, some other things I've seen on the topic:
http://tech.beatport.com/2014/web-audio/beat-detection-using... isn't bad, but leaves out some implementation details that will cost you a little time.
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/657073/how-to-detect-bpm-... had a few interesting links.
https://www.clear.rice.edu/elec301/Projects01/beat_sync/beat... has some Matlab implementations.
http://www.ee.columbia.edu/~dpwe/papers/Laro03-beattrack.pdf was a decent paper, but I was too fried to make progress with it.