Anhilliation - Fish out of water like story of exploring a mysterious, horrific, environment (2 sequels drag on for too much after this one though)
Many Ray Bradbury stories (Martian chronicles, and the Everyman collection contain the best ones)
Infinite Jest (Alternate American future of a culture of addiction and depravity, partly mediated by technology)
The Circle (haven't read, but like the author, life inside the biggest tech company of the future)
http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thieves'_World
While some of his work hasn't aged well, I am still quite fond of several of Michael Moorcock's Elric novels and the first Corum trilogy.
HN has a lot of these style threads and you're going to get some good recommendations if you search for them.
The Lies of Locke Lamora (and sequels, 3 books total so far)
The Name of the Wind (and sequels, 3 books total so far)
Ancillary Justice (and sequel, 2 books total so far)
All of Iain M. Banks Culture series
Old Man's War (and sequels)
- Pandora's Star (futuristic (2380), humans are immortal through rejuvenation and are colonizing new worlds using worm hole tech(I think they have 50 or so worlds), long read - lots of sequels if you enjoy the universe)
- Ender's game (futuristic, the movie cuts off 1/2 the book that revolves around Ender's 2 siblings, both also are geniuses, short read - lots of sequels if you enjoy the universe)
And, while not technically a book but a manga, Appleseed by Masamune Shirow is another collection I reread every few years (precursor to Ghost in the Shell).
Podcast of his short story Exhalation:
Currently half way through the Lost Fleet Series, which is pretty good too.
Quite different from the 3 series above, the Rho Agenda was very good.
2001: A Space Odyssey by Arthur C. Clarke
Brave New World by Aldous Huxley
Mission of Gravity by Hal Clement
The Song and the Pendant by Magnus Von Black
Any of Ursula K Le Guin's books, but particularly The Left Hand of Tomorrow.
Ancillary Justice.
Anything by Peter Watts or Iain M Banks.
...plus it's pretty darned cool.