In France, many forts has been build by a military engineer named Vauban[1] in the 17th century. His life is highly impressive. He worked a lot on fortifications and breaking of sieges. Outside of military building, he has been a scientist and an economist with modern views on taxes.
[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Le_Prestre_de_V...