That's a Photoshop Big file, which can be opened with Photoshop, obviously, provided your computer has sufficient RAM.
It's probably more trouble than it's worth, but you could install Wine and Photoshop on your Linux box, or find someone with a Windows machine and Photoshop who could convert the file to another format that you're able to use, like .PNG for example.
BigView allows for interactive panning and zooming of images of arbitrary size on desktop PCs running linux. Additionally, it can work in a multi-screen environment where multiple PCs cooperate to view a single large image. Using this software, one can explore -- on relatively modest machines -- images such as the Mars Orbiter Camera mosaic [92160x33280 pixels].