alt-tab == ⌘-tab
Restore == Ctl-F3, arrow key to window in Dock, return
Arbitrary menu item, depends:
Application Menu (left-handside text menus) == Ctl-F2, type enough unique letters to identify the menu (or use arrow keys), return, type enough unique letters to identify the item... repeat till you get to the item you want. If this annoys you, you can implement your own keyboard shortcuts in any native application.
Status Menu (right-handside icon menus) == Ctl-F8, arrows, return.
Equivalent of the start button? Not quite sure what you mean - activate Spotlight ⌘-[Space], type app name perhaps?
I assume you mean Dock when you say launch which is activated by Ctl-F3.
The only one I don't know how to do is fine-grain resizing of a window. If you use OS X though, you'll realise the UI paradigm isn't focused on fine-grained window control though.