The short version is:
Different people think differently and different languages require different thought models and as such appeal to different people. Different languages prioritize different computation models and as such are differently suited for different purposes. And lastly, different languages provide different sets of third-party libraries.
Python's main advantages over other dynamic languages are as such:
- it traded expressivity for simplicity of syntax and as such is easy to master
- out of all the dynamic languages (other than R) it is best suited for numerical calculation