Security. HTTP and other similar protocols without encryption by default are not appropriate for today's Internet. Similarly, we wouldn't have to use opportunistic encryption of email.
Better support for protocols other than TCP and UDP. SCTP is a great protocol that fits many application level protocols so well. Instead corporate IT very often sets up the firewall to simply drop anything but the two most popular protocols.
Sadly, we still wouldn't have a more widespread web of trust. Once you buy into WoT, it can be an invaluable tool, but the problem is largely orthogonal to the development of the Internet: publicist crypto is just too difficult to make easy and robust. I only list this here because I believe a more widespread WoT would mean the end of CA's, government snooping, and many other evils.