This is really bad advice, except for the last part. :)
If the idea is "Hey, let's use a framework good for beginners and hack together projects", OP should just extend their Javascript knowledge into Nodejs--and there's nothing wrong with that.
"By learning Java, you're already getting some good CS fundamentals."
This is wrong. If you are trying to learn CS fundamentals, learn Scheme or Clojure or some other functional language. Java in practice is basically plumbing together large frameworks built by people smarter than you who probably worked at Sun fifteen years ago--and who often got things wrong. Java in theory is ramming OOP design down your throat, and still exposing enough implementation details of the runtime that you can't ignore them.
Java is a not a good way to learn CS fundamentals.
if you want to make programming into a career, you don't need to learn C.
This is only true if you want to be a blub programmer and punch the clock and basically just farm code in enterprise. Learning C is essential (barring learning assembly) to getting access to great swathes of performance-critical environments, tracking down weird bugs, and generally understanding what you machine is doing.