Old laptop batteries could power slums, IBM says
bbc.com
bbc.com
On a less cynical note, you do not need to provide an exchange program, dead batteries already have a recycling value, you just need to make sure that there is an accessible buyer and someone will make it their job to collect them all without you doing anything.
Such an effort could also make people more proactively recycle their old laptop batteries, something I know a lot of people don't take the time to properly do, opting to instead throw it out into the garbage bin instead because it is easier. Heck, if we could create a program where people are paid a few cents for every battery they recycle like you can with bottles and aluminum cans in a lot of places in the world, we would have more than enough batteries for such a plan to scale.
Might be a sensible idea for cellphone and laptop batteries, but I suspect that then thieves and other criminals will target cellphones for their batteries :(
[1] http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jul/31/india-blackout-...