Mac OS X’s Hidden Single-Application Mode
db.tidbits.com
db.tidbits.com
Quite often I find that bringing Finder to the front covers the whole screen with the 16 or so Finder windows that I forgot that I had open and which bear no relation to the task I am currently trying to perform. A single window finder with a history and a way to split into two or four tiles might be better.
Of course the tricky thing is making this work for naive users as well as power users. This isn't an easy problem but naive users struggle massively with the current model too and that's not especially optimal for power users either.
http://www.nongnu.org/ratpoison/
Of course, that was in gnu/linux, but copying the style would be easy.
This will hide the current app and all its windows, and it's already enabled by default on os x.
By default, it puts the focus on the current app by blurring whatever is behind it. It's pretty customizable and can do things like hiding all other apps automatically, putting a backdrop, etc. The blur effect might work better than just hiding for some people.
One other nice thing is that it lives in the menu bar and can be called with a keyboard shortcut. So, it doesn't have to be 'on' at all times.
edit: this or other utilities and shortcuts mentioned in the comments of the article itself