OSIRIS spots Philae drifting across the comet
blogs.esa.int
blogs.esa.int
http://blogs.esa.int/rosetta/2014/11/17/osiris-spots-philae-...
There's a nice image[2] which shows this in context linked to in the comments [3]. ESA seem to think the lander ended up somewhere over in the dark cliffs of the large crater filling the right hand side of this image.
[2] http://i.imgur.com/4m4WqAN.png
[3] http://blogs.esa.int/rosetta/2014/11/17/osiris-spots-philae-...
I'd imagine that would cause quite interesting dynamics and make it potentially quite difficult to calculate where it will end up?
Edit: http://www.nowykurier.com/toys/gravity/gravity.html
Try creating two big objects in a circular orbit and experiment launching smaller objects with the same direction and speed. Some of them will crash, some others will escape.
When you are close enough that a significant portion of the comet's mass is "besides" yourself (somewhere off to the side) it will pull you to the side.
This even holds true for spherical objects (say, you standing on earth), where you get gravitational pull not only towards the center but also towards the sides. For a perfectly symmetrical sphere, these sideway forces cancel each other out tough.
But earth isn't a perfect sphere, so even on our own planet you get (very small) variations in gravitational pull (stronger pull at the poles or near mountains (where the crust is thicker)): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity_of_Earth
Thanks for the correction; sorry for the noise.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4a3eY5siRRk
Must watch. The video was made by ESA.
[1] milligrams isn't a unit of force, but hopefully you know what I mean; milli-ounces sounds too weird.
The comet[1] that Rosetta is orbiting has a mass of 10^13 kg and an orbit semi-major axis of 518,060,000 km. This gives the comet a Sphere of Influence[2] of roughly 62 km.
What this means is that within 62 km or so, the comet is the dominant gravitational body, so orbits of 16, 20, and 30 km (in the video) are perfectly reasonable.
The orbital period[3] of the larger 30 km orbit is around 40 ksec or 11.1 hours.
[1]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/67P/Churyumov%E2%80%93Gerasimen...
[2]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphere_of_influence_(astrodynam...
Maybe another look at the units:
G - 6.67384e-11 [N (m/kg)^2] = [m^3 / (kg s^2)]
M - 1.0e13 [kg]
a - 30000 [m]
sqrt([m^3] / ([m^3 / (kg s^2)] * [kg]))
= sqrt([s^2]) = [s]
2*pi*sqrt(30000^3 / (6.67384e-11 * 1.0e13))
= 1,263,787 s
= 14.6 days
Well, how about that :-)The reason for the maneuvers is to maintain line of sight with the Philae lander so that communications between Earth and Philae can be relayed, hence "relay phase". Then the probe inserts itself back into an orbit.
Thinking about navigating in zero gravity became a lot easier for me when I realised that you can arbitrarily redefine “down” as whatever direction is convenient. Gravity assists and orbits, for example, are simply falling around a bend.
However, there seems to be a confusion about the time. If it’s indeed one hour after touchdown the bright and dark blobs are probably just dust.
What's the confusion about the time? Touchdown was at 15:34 UTC (NB UTC), I doubt anyone at ESA is confused about the time, though some of the commenters seem pretty confused on the ESA blog post this BBC article is based on:
http://blogs.esa.int/rosetta/2014/11/17/osiris-spots-philae-...
Rosetta will stay with the comet as it gets closer to the sun and observe it.
It seems astronomers have a bias towards assuming dust will cover stuff. Perhaps this says something about their office space.
http://image.slidesharecdn.com/rosettamediabriefing16octbiel...
http://www.wired.com/2013/10/in-space-no-one-can-hear-your-n...
Someone needs to make a Philae Lander game.
for those that weren't around in 1979:
https://www.atari.com/arcade/lunarlander/play#!/arcade/lunar...
(js version http://www.somethinghitme.com/projects/jslander/ )
Also, KSP now has 'real' asteroids! http://wiki.kerbalspaceprogram.com/wiki/Asteroid
http://www.open.ac.uk/science/pssri/research/missions/rosett...
But your point stands; I know a lot's under embargo right now, I was more wondering if we knew if the drill had successfully retrieved a bit of comet or not rather than specific experimental results which will take some time!
It is not immediately obvious to me why who owns the instrumentation would be a driving factor in the time to see results. Both private research institutes and public institutes would want to get results out as quickly as possible, to capitalize on the PR effect. But that is moderated by the need to perform sufficienly accurate and detailed analysis, which takes time. Those pressures are the same for both public and private research institutes. If anything, the private institues would feel more pressure to publish results quickly, to improve their chances of obtaining future funding.
I cannot tell if you are comparing the quickness of this press release with the lack of results from the scientific packages on Phile, but I will address the (potential) comparison, just in case... Part of reason this press release (with the image of Philae bouncing) was out so quickly is that it does not require a very detailed and specific analysis (requiring roughly the equivalenth of image stictching in photoshop), and the results are fairly straightforward. Additionally, it is not really providing much in the way of new scientific information and so does not have as high a burden of proof. Additionally, the OSIRIS imager has been used to collect data for a while now, so presumably the OSIRIS team has a decent understanding of the real-world operation of the equipment, enabling them to quickly release images in which they were confident. In contrast, the Philae lander's instruments had not provided actual data before the landing, so the instrument teams still need to do the careful calibrations and analysis to understand the systematics.
https://twitter.com/erichand/status/534413817040867328
They might have had some results from particles/gases in the atmosphere, not sure, nothing announced yet that I know of but they did say they were taking measurements. It might be weeks/months before they announce results.
But, something puzzles me. That is, why didn't they use better camera technology? That's a lot of miles traveled and a lot of effort. Seems the mission would have been much better served by better imaging, both from a scientific perspective and from a public interest perspective (which can help engender support for future exploration).
Frankly, the fact that it even happened amazes me. But, the images disappoint me.
I know it sounds like a nit, given the overall accomplishment, but that's all the more reason to wonder why not ensure that something presumably as simple as the images we capture be as stunning as possible?
Maybe they have higher res pictures still on the orbiter that will download later when there's bandwith left.
Just really odd that this tremendous feat couldn't be paired with much better imaging tech. I mean, the imaging is strikingly poor and unimpressive compared to the rest of the mission.
The main camera, OSIRIS, is only 4 megapixels. Also, the camera cost $100MM, which is a significant percentage of the overall mission. So, it's not as if they were skimping.
As far as transmission windows, well we had download-continuation browser solutions back then.
Seriously, not to say it's that simple, but this mission solved much harder problems than imaging would seem to pose.
Really would be interested in knowing how the imgaging solution selection process went and what the key drivers were.
Rosetta is also equipped with solar arrays.
I totally know where you're coming from though, having Curiosity or Rosetta be equipped with some serious photographical capabilities would've been awesome. But I doubt any of the firms are going to put any kind of cutting edge imaging solution on them any time soon.
old timers have been saying this for a very long time, and it took years to convince someone to JUST FUCKING SHOOT A PHONE UP THERE
http://www.space.com/21036-space-smartphones-photos-nasa-pho...
Shaun Meehan (almost 100 private satellites currently in orbit, all more or less smartphones in space) talks about this in the podcast: http://www.theamphour.com/220-an-interview-with-shaun-meehan...
If you're sending millions of dollars worth of technology into space for 10 years, you want to be more than reasonably sure it will still work when it gets where it's going.
That is simply not something you can be reasonably sure of with "cutting edge" technology.
BTW, the solar panels upon which Rosetta relied to make the journey were pretty cutting edge. And Rosetta is the first mission to go beyond the asteroid belt relying only on solar power.
Had they failed, the entire mission would have failed.
Feel free to downvote this.
If you only get one shot at setting up for a mission that won't start gathering data until 10 years later, you probably don't want to take a state of the art camera up there, you want to take a decent camera that you're pretty sure will work well after 10 years.
Where is the flaw in my thinking? Is this to do with it being very small forces exerted over a long time period?
The thrusters and harpoons failed, and I don't think the ice screws have really had a chance.
The speeds and accelerations that we're used to in the context of bouncing from the surface within the context of Earth are about ten thousand times greater than on comet 67P. The amount of force generated by Philae's collision with the comet's surface was very tiny, but it only takes a very tiny force to throw things long distances across the surface of the comet, due to the extremely low gravity (about 1mm/s^2).
My guess is that Philae landed tumble-weed style, jumping, and rolling until it hit a wall, in this case, the cliff that shadows it.
After releasing Philae, Rosetta performed a maneuver to establish a new orbit. There are some nice plots of these trajectories here:
http://www.bis-space.com/2014/11/12/13849/about-landing-on-a...
The plan was that Philae would come in at net 0,0 velocity with respect to the normal of the landing site. That involved putting it into an orbit which intercepted the landing site. This was made a bit more challenging as the top thruster on Philae failed to fire, which meant it was unable to circularize its interception orbit. And that resulted in some horizontal motion at the time of landing.
That said, the motion seems to have been well within the safely margin of the harpoon system from what I can read about that subsystem.
Since we aren't on the comet we can only guess what happened but one speculation I've read that seems plausible is that the harpoons "fired" but did not "release", which is to say they tried to move and did not. Imparting a delta-v that was vertical with respect to the surface normal of the landing spot. That delta-v, combined with the landers imperfect alignment, contributed to the sideways journey.
It did confirm that you really do want something like harpoons to hold you to the comet (and potentially to asteroids if you're doing missions to them).
That would result in much bigger velocity than 0.5 km/h when bouncing, and would exceed escape velocity 2 times, just from horizontal part of velocity).
So I doubt it's so simple.
On a related note, though, perhaps future missions will transmit power via laser rather than relying on solar panels. Of course solar panels have also had 10 years to improve since the mission was launched...
http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Rosetta/High...