Even Debian has succumbed to Systemd.
Nope, that would be GSettings/dconf. It's limited to GNOME, thankfully.
The registry is fucking marvellous in comparison.
You see systems like Docker containers, which try to isolate a complete application and its configuration files together, and really that is just a hacky solution to the lack of inherent silo-ing within the underlying design.
While silo-ed apps have their own limitations (e.g. two "apps" using the same configurations) most of them can be overcome with tinkering for the edge cases.
I'd never design a system in 2014 with either Windows Registry (too messy, impossible to manage), or /etc (too inconsistent with itself, also often results in orphan files).
I encourage you all to please use the more appropriate comparison : Cthulhu / Cthulhud