http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora_(novel) - this book was as mind blowing to me as Anathem, and bears multiple readings. I've fallen out of scifi in the last few years, and Egan has sucked me back in.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_R._Donaldson#The_Gap_C...
The Golden Age trilogy by John C. Wright also makes lots of interesting and thought provoking predictions. It's an astonishingly dense read though, but the ideas will continue to unfold in your mind for a long time afterwards.
Though if you have a good counter example I am interested.
Night's Dawn (Hamilton's second trilogy) was pretty well done in that respect if you ask me. Sure, the premise is far-fetched, but the background and technology was pretty compelling in my view. Hamilton clearly has a grasp of orbital mechanics, for example. And you gotta admit you would _love_ to get a set of Neural Nanonics installed :).
I don't know, but I just can't fathom classifying Banks and Hamilton as anything other than hard scifi.