This looks like either a driver bug or some unsupported combination of pixel formats.
Unfortunately, WebGL doesn't solve these compatibility issues that are inherent to OpenGL and running on a wide variety of hardware and drivers.
product: 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
driver=i915I don't know if that's the cause of the issue you're seeing but don't expect to run any fancy 3D on Linux with that GPU.
WebGL spec requires certain of pixel formats to be supported but either the test case is using some combination that isn't guaranteed to be supported or the driver+hw combination doesn't actually support everything required by the spec.
Intel has made huge improvements since the days of the i9xx series of GPUs. They were miserably bad from a programmer's standpoint.
On Windows, Chrome uses the ANGLE middleware to implement WebGL. It's a layer that implements the OpenGL ES 2 API on top of Direct3D 9. That solves quite a lot of driver quality issues (at the cost of some overhead).
So the question is, which GPU/driver was being used on Linux.