Why Regret Is Essential to the Good Life (2013)
aeon.co
aeon.co
Regret to me means you didn't take away the lesson when something didn't go the way you wanted. If you learn the lesson, and then apply it, what is to regret? There is no sense in living in the past.
So, I don't know about regret specifically, but when researchers asked people to remember instances where they felt specific emotions, and asked how strongly the emotions reoccurred during that process, the number one emotion was embarrassment. Some theorize that fear of embarrassment driven by memories of making mistakes is one of the leading factors in the fluency gap between the first and second languages of children to foreign parents (who speak English [or the language of their peers] much better than their parents native language, even when their parents don't speak English at all -- somewhat odd considering children _need_ to communicate with their parents to survive and get basic needs met).
I don't see it as pathological -- it's not like I sit in my room sobbing over past failures. But I still feel regret and as a result am (I think) a better person.
When you're paranoid, you're worried about a bad situation without thinking through the ways you could respond to it or fix it if it does happen. If you have planned through what you will do if the worst happens, there's no way to be paranoid about it.
Similarly, it's hard to regret something if you've learned from it and recognize that you never would have learned that lesson if it hadn't happened the way it did. Growth is motivated by responding to problems, not responding to everything going well.
You can look at the opposite of regret - say you really like doing something (for example - programming) - you will be doing it much better (via motivation) than if you just decided to do it because it is worth doing it (ie. via cold analysis of the potential outcome like good pay in the future).