I have one on my 15" rMBP, and I do not notice it unless I put my face within 6" of the screen.
Perhaps what happens is they just get resold as Non-Apple Displays. So, the no dead pixel displays go into the premium Apple monitors, but the Class I devices get resold in the white-label market. (This is where you see these great deals on eBay).
Once you notice where a dead subpixel is though, your eye goes straight to it every time it's visible.
I wonder if this is actually true, the whole "more pixels than photosensitive cells" thing sounds a bit shaky.
Second, the number of rods and cones has nothing to do with it.
The "retina" argument was about having smaller than discernible angular pixel sizes, which is true for the majority of people and normal viewing distances.
Your conclusion does not follow from your premise.
Just because we can't identify individual pixels does not mean a single pixel has no influence. It shapes the overall picture.
If a single dead pixel is not visible at all, why have that pixel there in the first place -- working or not?
I just tested with my iPhone 6 (a 1334x750 px white picture with a single black pixel in the middle of the picture), and the single black pixel is definitely visible. A screenshot of the iPhone showing the picture in question confirms it's a single pixel on the screen.