Saying that most quantum physics courses are taught from the historical point of view rather than starting with the math seems like a bit of a straw man.

My experience (Rome University) was that first we were taught the basic mathematics (Hilbert spaces, functional analysis) for almost a year, before being introduced to the physics which followed a rather axiomatic (not dissimilar to this).

Sometimes our professor would casually drop bombs like the title of this article or things like: "you know in the end quantum mechanics is just Markov chains in imaginary time", but even those made sense in time (Wick rotation).