kdb+/q is commonly used in the financial world for these types of problems. They have a 32bit for free, and you can ask them about pricing on the 64bit version.
Yep, banks heavily use these to store tickers (currencies, instruments) and do calculations of VWAP, etc. Pretty much standard in the industry for these kind of applications.
Is this just your typical columnar OLAP database, like Vertica or Big Query?