In my experience, Stripe won't do anything like that. I manage a website that accepts donations. This tends to be a target that fraudsters like to utilize. They'll "donate" small amounts to the non-profit in order to check if the transaction went through. If the transaction was approved, they know the card is still valid. Meanwhile, we're stuck with the fraudulent transaction and have to refund the charge.

Now, these charges are clearly fraudulent. Without going into details, we can 100% detect the fraudulent transactions from real ones. I've suggested to Stripe that this could be a honey-pot setup to identify stolen cards but they've told me that there card processing doesn't have that type of infrastructure. Even if I know a credit card number has been compromised, there is no way to alert the card holder.

It's a shame really. It's not the fault of Stripe that we can't alert the card holder but it's important to know that there is no mechanism to protect card holders, even if you know their card has been compromised.