Sort of. WordPress provides the gallery; the carousel comes from the Jetpack plugin [1] which is included on wordpress.com sites and can be installed [2] on self-hosted sites.

[1] http://jetpack.me/support/carousel/

[2] http://wordpress.org/plugins/jetpack/

It is indeed, you can pick from a number of image templates. They have single images, carousels, mosaics, grids among others off the top of my head.