1. I don't think there is a universal standard for "junior level" anymore. If you have a year's worth of working with Rails across the stack in a production setting, you are more than capable of landing a decent job in SF (not Senior or Lead, of course)

2. I can't quantifiably say there's a shortage, but I'd have to guess the amount of decent "juniors" that code bootcamps are pumping out are hurting the market if you're a junior competing for the same jobs in web. The bootcamps are collectively graduating thousands of students per year in San Francisco alone. HN doesn't think favorably of this lot, but they are hard workers, have learned modern programming conventions and best practices, and are desperate for work.

Caveat to #2: You can differentiate from this group if you basically _aren't_ a Ruby/Rails or Javascript dev, since those are the primary languages taught.