The McCollough Effect
cheswick.com
cheswick.com
The page would be a bit better if it incorporated some basic image controls, IMO, to allow you to rotate the image, zoom it, etc.
I downloaded the image and did some of that locally and zooming in and out is pretty interesting because the effect becomes less pronounced (for me, anyway) as I zoom out away from 100%. It seems like the size of the "haze" around the bars remains constant as you zoom even as the size of the black bars changes, so as you zoom in the effect becomes less and less pronounced until eventually the black bars get so big that it seems to disappear altogether.
Then I remembered that several months ago I tried this. Could it have possibly lasted that long?
I can't vouch for that directly, but I'm still seeing it an hour later and some other responses here have mentioned that they actually are still seeing it months later.
Other optical illusions that rely solely on the mechanism you're talking about fade in under a minute.
Green (horizontal) – http://codepen.io/ChristianBundy/full/iaAcq
Purple (vertical) – http://codepen.io/ChristianBundy/full/moshj/
Uncanny how reproducible that is. I need to look much longer at the coloured bars before that same effect starts to be present on the B&W image. It's almost as if the screen has burned in.
What you describe is a simple afterimage effect (http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afterimage#Negative_afterimag...).
The MacCullough effect is different because it lasts much longer (Wikipedia claims 3 _months_)
The McCullough effect is thought to be due to adaptation of edge detectors. 'Normal' after images are thought to be caused by adaptation of cones.
The effect has lasted for hours: one eye sees green-horizontal-purple-vertical, and the other, the opposite.