This is probably the number one thing that excites people about ZFS over any other solution, and it's something that isn't really easily implemented on a standard RAID + standard filesystem arrangement, since this sort of functionality depends on the filesystem knowing about the underlying disk arrangement.
"ZFS uses its end-to-end checksums to detect and correct silent data corruption. If a disk returns bad data transiently, ZFS will detect it and retry the read. If the disk is part of a mirror or RAID-Z group, ZFS will both detect and correct the error: it will use the checksum to determine which copy is correct, provide good data to the application, and repair the damaged copy."