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Yes, it was standardized 24 years ago. I think Stallman's argument was that too much code was already written in elisp. For example, calc is a huge elisp app. He didn't want to lose apps like this:

http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_mono/calc.html

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Not sure if calc already existed in 1984.

But Stallman argued (in one of the early emacs papers) that dynamic scope is much more convenient for a editor than lexical scoping (as implemented in scheme or Common Lisp)

Dynamic scope makes it easier to change some variable per buffer. With lexical scoping you would need to simulate dynamic scope somehow to be able to change state per buffer.

Common Lisp supports both dynamic and lexical scope.

Emacs-like editors have been implemented in it, and there's no fundamental reason that a true Emacs couldn't be.

Scheme is more of a toy; I'd not prefer it to Common Lisp for a production system, whether that system is an OS or an editing environment.

I don't know much about Guile, but can't it compile elisp too?

But you would need dynamic scope in Scheme to mix elisp/Guile code in Emacs?

Edit: Ah, this was discussed in your link at the top of this comment thread.

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