Is De-Skilling Killing Arts Education?
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Highbrow modern art has a very very very tiny niche market of people who mainly invest in art of large sums of money for complex and personal reasons that normally boil down to looking for the next Pollock, Warhol, etc. There's an entire ecosystem of galleries, showings, parties, and auction houses devoted to these highly wealthy patrons. It's a pretty insular and self-involved world.
An artists biggest skill in this market has little to do with their technical skill. Technical skill is easy and can be purchased on Fiverr if you need.
Art schools are part of this market.
Most people on the other hand don't go to galleries. They buy prints, hallmark cards, download wallpapers from DeviantArt, etc. Illustrators and graphic designers are thriving in this market, but are totally ignored by the high brow market (unless you get big enough).
Basically, it's just artists following market demands.
Would it be accurate to complete the idea and say that it is about marketing & networking instead? The personality of the artist is just as much for sale as the "art".
I think these artists are making a serious and successful artistic statement, albeit a highly indirect one. At the same time I find it sort of deplorable because I think art should be an intimate personal experience rather than a spectacular sociological one. Somehow I derive much more enjoyment from my own failed or inchoate than I do from most of what is promoted to me as art, with artists' statements that read like so much ad copy.
Nothing is objectively art; art is always in the eye of the beholder, but it's only real art to someone if they would want it even if no one else ever saw it.
Take a toilet nailed to the wall. If the person who created this thing would have done so if he had known that no one else would ever see it, if he would have nailed the toilet to his own wall at home knowing that he was the only one who would ever see it just because HE HIMSELF wanted to look at it, then it really is art to him. It's not any art that I'm interested in, but that doesn't matter. All art is subjective. It is a genuine expression of his own esthetic desires. It IS art to him.
But if he would never consider such a thing for himself, if it's only part of a show he puts on for others in hopes of getting paid ("it speaks to the inhumanity of corporate greed...blah, blah" he explains greedily), then it's just a commercial product. If it's nothing he would have any interest in without the audience, but it's about getting attention, not money, then it's a publicity stunt, not art. To the artist, it's not art. (If it really is art to the artist, it can ALSO be a commercial product or publicity stunt while remaining art to him.)
And if the wealthy customer would have no interest in it if he couldn't show off his "statement" to others, then it's not art to him, either. It's some sort of signalling, or a commercial investment, or whatever, but it's not art to him. And if potential buyers knew that it was not even art to the artist, what might that mean to them?
Of course, I can't be sure what really is in someone else's mind, but if I doubt that the artist would sincerely want this poo-covered crucifix in his own living room for his private enjoyment, nor that the rich people swooning over its deep meaning would care if they couldn't show off their depth to their friends, it means I'm doubting that this piece of junk is really art to anybody.
You seem to be referring to Marcel Duchamp's Fountain (the urinal) and if so you are missing the point.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fountain_%28Duchamp%29 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Readymades_of_Marcel_Duchamp
> Take a toilet nailed to the wall. If the person who created this thing would have done so if he had known that no one else would ever see it, if he would have nailed the toilet to his own wall at home knowing that he was the only one who would ever see it just because HE HIMSELF wanted to look at it, then it really is art to him. It's not any art that I'm interested in, but that doesn't matter. All art is subjective. It is a genuine expression of his own esthetic desires. It IS art to him.
Art is a statement and you can't isolate that statement in a vacuum that would cut it from its historical perspective.
> Nothing is objectively art; art is always in the eye of the beholder, but it's only real art to someone if they would want it even if no one else ever saw it.
Of course, but the context around the piece of art is indeed objective.
I have an illustrator friend who would sure love to know how to get paid.
A lot of my friends are artists and this has enabled me to observe the results of the different training people received. My friends who have been through their BFA/BVA from polytechnics are much, much more accopmlished now, post-school, than those who went through high-brow, university art schools (particularly ELAM, in Auckland). The emphasis on concept at the university schools is so overwhelming and (apparently) contagious for these students that they forget about craft. The friends at the polytechnics received a more balanced education, with a heavy emphasis on craft while still covering concept, and they're doing far, far better now.
The only ones who seemed to survive the concept-heavy BFA and actually produce sustainable work seem to be those who were so technically accomplished going in that they could afford to take a few years off, thinking lofty thoughts, and not affect their craft too much.
Like obscure results in computer science, few will bother to do so. Of those few who do, even fewer can translate it into something that has any impact on the general populace.
Dali was one of the few surrealists that connected to a large audience. Kandinsky is one of the few Bauhaus people to produce art accessible to a larger audience. Andy Warhol left a huge impact on the public as well - but again, not many pop artists did. All the above qualify as modern art, and all of them are approachable to a wider audience.
I'd argue that we see the same in CS. And I suspect that "approachability" is a function of time - we forget about all the ones who had no success, and remember the ones who did. It'll be interesting to see what people say about modern art 100 years hence.
That said, what I find approachable is not a terribly important criterion for art, I just found the it irritating that the actual art was in the process but the context of being in a gallery suggested that the artifact was the art.
(For what it's worth, I also find theoretical computer science papers that produce unimplemented and likely unimplementable algorithms which shave log factors off existing bounds irritating as well, but that is again a matter of personal taste - those at least might give some later researcher a hint about how to actually build a usably better algorithm, though.)
Thesis: if you did decide to "engage the field" of modern art, it would take about a year (i.e. equivalent of one serious college course of two semesters) plus intermittent reading from a popular journal such as ARTFORUM to stay current.
Furthermore, what is unapproachable about a collection of furnace ducts? It's not to hard to understand. Just a pile of ducts. Does art always have present you with a puzzle to figure out, or contribute to some theory? Why can't I say "Look, a pile of ducts. Neat, huh?"
The thing is, we agree that there is music and there is noise. People draw the line in different places, but we all agree that it exists. Why is it that I can literally shit on the floor in front of you and when you yell "what the fuck is this?" I can answer "it's art" and have the audience go "oh, he's good!"? Is it perhaps because, no matter what, I can say that my brand of art is just so new, so advanced, that nobody has understood it yet? Then have some PhD candidate years from now write a dissertation on how I managed to portray the human condition to validate the shit I put out.
Wow, that turned into a rant...
What's important is that you don't have to like art. If it evokes feelings in you that you don't like then just stay away from it. Appreciating art is not a contest. If someone expects you to appreciate same art as them that's their problem with expectations management not yours with performance. I would come to hear you play but if your music would invoke feelings in me that I wouldn't want then I'd leave. Some other person might like the chaos brought by lack of skills crossed with enthusiasm.
The problem starts when people start talking about art ... they say dumbest things and often get away with it.
Basically, unlike what your definition suggests, some art is objectively better than other. Some art takes more skill and invokes more and better feeling than other. Take a look (ideally in person) at Rodin vs Shapiro's work. See which makes you feel more and more intensely. Modern artists substitute enthusiasm for skill way too often for my taste.
I agree that some art can be in some sense better than other. But the only thing you can do is gather statistics about what feelings and how strong any given piece invokes in some population sample. But feelings don't have clear definition of better. Also statistics doesn't have it either. So even objective comparisons are subjective because you have to subjectively choose what you objectively compare.
And I'd love to see you play guitar and sing. It may not be "correct" by contemporary standards, but if it's an honest attempt at expressing yourself, and I enjoy it (I personally love to hear bad singers), then why not?
I'm less interested in the skill than the beauty. But that seems to be missing from a lot of modern works. I don't want my art to be political, or self-aware, or even particularly thought-provoking. Or at least, I don't want it to sacrifice beauty for those goals. Random paint splatters are, I think, less beautiful than Raphael's frescoes.
> Furthermore, what is unapproachable about a collection of furnace ducts? It's not to hard to understand. Just a pile of ducts. Does art always have present you with a puzzle to figure out, or contribute to some theory? Why can't I say "Look, a pile of ducts. Neat, huh?"
You can, but I see equally appealing piles of objects every day on my way to work. If something's worth elevating to a gallery I'd expect it to be better than the things I see out there in the world - otherwise why bother with a gallery at all?
I worked for a long time around 1960s/1970s abstract art. Much of it was of questionable quality in my eyes, but there are some really amazing pieces that really make for amazing and beautiful spaces.
My beef with the abstract stuff is that it seems to cut off the oxygen for everything else. Art is fashion, and the patrons of art tend to be fashionable people.
As a more realistic example, many naturally-occurring things (trees, mountains, women) are beautiful but are most certainly not "art". So I'm not sure what the real debate here.
As for furnace ducts: sure, you can say "look, a pile of ducts!" You can say that for anything. You can follow me around all day and point out random objects and say they're neat, and heck, I'll probably agree with you the first couple of times before getting annoyed. But it's like writing a book consisting of only one word -- it might get you a press release, but nobody's gonna buy it.
Skill in anything is just a way to screw probabilities in your favor. I am a computer programmer, not a doctor but it is possible that I might be able to save somebody by doing surgery - it is just more likely I kill them, but a doctor would be able to do it safely.
It would be possible for my grandma to write program to do something useful, by accidentally slamming some keys, but I can do it deliberately, time after time after time.
In your case the problem is that there is no objective definition on art, and as such everybody can consider themselves an artist, which means that skills are meaningless (remember a skill only screws the probability of success in your favor, which is meaningless if there is on definition of success).
Everyone can consider themselves an artist. And you're free to despise all but the ones you like.
> Just walking down the halls you could tell which classes were those of the fine art department. They were always sitting in circles and talking. In the foundation, illustration, and design classes the students were working; drawing, painting, designing. I had great students who went on to become successful fine artists, but who had to enroll in the illustration department to get the necessary skills (anatomy, perspective, painting technique) to produce representational fine art. Ironically, but not surprisingly, this famous school's most famous fine artists stem from the illustration department, not its theory heavy fine art department.
I.e., skill in representational art is still being taught and valued. It just changed label, from "fine art" to "illustration".
Secondly, art need not be novel. I enjoy sculpture, such as marble and bronze statues from Ancient Greece and Rome, as well as the Renaissance era Europe. There are lots of very similar pieces here. They all use the same mediums, similar techniques, very similar themes, and share an overall style. Yet, I enjoy this type of art. Why? Because it is so difficult to make rock look like a moving human body. Throwing dog vomit on the floor of an art gallery as commentary on the current geopolitical situation may be novel, but it is not art in my book.
Edit: as an exercise, compare Rodin's sculptures to those of Joel Shapiro. Can you really say that these are somehow on the same level?
Just took a quick scroll through a popular portal:
http://butdoesitfloat.com/The-question-of-integrity-will-get... http://www.xavierhufkens.com/exhibition/2006-09-antony-gorml... http://butdoesitfloat.com/The-bastard-form-of-mass-culture-i... http://butdoesitfloat.com/The-randomness-to-which-mutation-t... http://www.stephan-balleux.com/index.php?id=2
There is so much of this it will take one weeks to wad through just the quality work. And then there is a huge sea of ugly dog vomit. Just as with any product category, if you put enough crap out there, someone will bite. If everyone sees mostly crap, they think this is as good as it gets and bite en masse.
The schools producing dog vomit artists are providing a valuable service to the art market by adding variety.
I am repeatedly surprised by how contemporary early modern art (a.k.a. renaissance art) -- both literature and the visual arts -- seem to me at time and how they can combine truly radical innovations with an unwavering commitment to basic skills. Write that searing tragedy about the frailty and absurdity of the human condition ... but make sure you absolutely master your iambic pentameter first!
Is there a lot of pretense trying to sell art? Yes, absolutely - but it never lasts. Good contemporary art is exactly what you ask for. A solid foundation of skills used to completely abandon any conventional display of these skills.
If you can recommend a gallery of pictures like that I'll add it to my visit list. It looks like Afremov went to a technical university, which is in line with the sibling thread where te_chris is arguing that (grossly oversimplifying) polytechnics give a better-rounded art education than academic universities.
I was struck because the Pinakothek is the first I've been to that makes a three-way-split - the Alte Pinakothek for pre-19th century stuff, the Neue Pinakothek for, I don't know the terminology, but the time in the middle, and then the really contemporary works in the Pinakothek der Moderne. And I absolutely loved the Neue Pinakothek - loads of really beautiful paintings, with a variety of styles but almost all of them being the kind of representational/skilled work the article's talking about (or your link). Really recommend it if you're ever in Munich. And then I walked across the road to the Pinakothek der Moderne, looking forward to a real treat, and I was just really struck by how bad it all seemed, how much worse every painting was than any of the ones I'd just been looking at.
Trying (and failing) to get back on topic, 95/5 was probably unfair of me. Part of why I skewed to 95 was that I've seen most of the permanent collection at the AGO enough to discount it for that overfamiliarity alone. I mean, I'm still struck by minimal, early Canadian works by the Group of Seven, yet since that part of the gallery never rotates, it becomes part of the 95% eventually.
Pinakothek der Moderne is a lot of post-moderism, which is... mixed. There's a lot of conceptual art there which is brilliant, but in a cerebral sense, not visceral. It's not representational, though - that's the point of a lot of post-modernism, to rebel against established art ideas.[1]
They still do have stuff that might appeal to you, IIRC - August Macke, Franz Marc, Miro, Emil Nolde come to mind.
[1] That doesn't mean it's unskilled. But the skill is hidden in the breaking of all rules of skill, and it's occasionally hard to tell if it's incompetence or deliberate, unless you spent a lot of time on art history.
Some examples of Hockney's Yorkshire work that appeal to me:
- http://thebikeshow.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/david-hock... - http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/20... - http://colourliving.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/blog-pe... - http://www.patternpeople.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/davi... - http://www.lalouver.com/html/gallery-history-images/large/da... - http://ainhoainsardinya.altervista.org/wp-content/uploads/20...
I however find him and his work really inteesting in the context of this discussion though. Particularly for his detective work and reverse engineering of the use of optics by the old masters.
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0670030260/davidhockn...
Skill: Dali. In terms of being "thought-provoking", I consider much of his stuff tripe, made to pander to mass tastes, but he most certainly had skills.
Skill & thought-provoking: Picasso. I don't - again, personal taste - find beauty in his works, but they sure make you think.
Skill & beautiful: Kandinsky, and Miro. It's too abstract for me to really consider it thought-provoking, but the pure beauty of it, to me, is almost mathematical in nature.
All three: I'd probably go with Magritte. YMMV.
If you want to go postmodern, it's getting difficult - not because it doesn't exist, but because I'm not that well-versed. Marcel Duchamp's painting are certainly there. "Nude Descending a Staircase" is, to me, an amazing painting.
Based on your preferences, I'd suspect classical realism would appeal more to you - try Parrish, or Jacob Collins. (I find them boring, but as always, the eye of the beholder is what counts)
The programming language used to create a program does not directly affect the user.
The skill of an artist does does directly affect the viewer of art.
That said, there's a counter to this "everything matters" argument -- that nothing matters, perhaps especially in art. I mean, while artists may invest personally in their works, end users or viewers will make up their own minds. The same can be true of software works (software works of art?).
And yeah, sadly, I had two artists for parents; plenty of crazy to go around there, and theories at University didn't help any. ;-)
The variance in field of competences in commenters is tiny here, and to add injury to it, there's a strong sentiment of "STEM == Good, all the rest is crap"
[1] http://athinkingperson.com/2012/12/02/who-said-what-gets-mea...
I was a music composition major (and a religion minor, aka traditionally seen as unemployable). My focus in college was mostly romantic and neo-romantic choral and piano + voice works. I never pursued it as a career, and a few years after college, I fell into (and in love with) programming. The very, very first thing I noticed as I was learning various paradigms was the unbelievable similarity between writing code and composition. I'm not going to belabour that point because I feel that it's been expounded upon enough (code is a creative art, etc.), but what astounded me further was then having code discussions with music colleagues of mine that have minimal exposure to any sort of programming / computer skills whatsoever, and having them keep up and contribute as if it were just another division of the arts.
I guess what I'm trying to say is that intelligent people with creative, inquisitive minds can totally hold their own in conversations about topics they may not have a background in because when it comes down to it, there's a whole lot of similarity between art and code. Don't write folks off just because of their collegiate foci.
If we started talking about the relative merits of different types of paintbrush then it might be more analogous to fine arts majors talking about compilers. That's a discussion for producers, not customers, but the quality of art on the market is a question for customers, not producers.
Art that can only be "appreciated" by other artists is a bit of a wank, and I guess the analogy is programs that only a programmer can appreciate [1], like an Ook compiler written in Brainfuck or the Obfuscated C contest. It's okay for the occasional kick, but if you spend your entire career making stuff that has no utility and no appeal outside your immediate in group then you're wasting your time and might as well be making lolcats.
It should be noted that the vast majority of visual artists working today aren't producing wanky stuff that gets exhibits in galleries and never finds actual paying customers. They're out there producing pleasant-looking landscapes and things that people pay good money to hang on their walls. Or else they're graphic designers or working in the advertising industry, making good money doing something useful to somebody. Sticking a dead horse on the floor of a gallery gets you more headlines than flogging off a load of $200 watercolours of beaches, but the latter is the majority of the actual art industry.
[1] Note: not the same thing as a program that only a programmer finds useful, just something useless that amuses other programmers.
https://web.archive.org/web/20080517130730/http://www.reason...
While I find the "deskilling" of arts to be troubling, and experienced frustration at the lack of technical education as a fine arts student, this line made me realise that what might be deep underneath this is a rejection by those in search of "authentic" art in the face of rampant commodification by advertisers.
In a world where the true human value of art is judged by the proxy of commercial value, and many of the greatest talents are using their abilities not to further human culture but to sell products, it's not irrational for people to seek art that cannot be commodified. It's a collective search for authenticity that's unfortunately flailing and grasping at straws instead, of unpacking the deeper causes caught up with larger social and economic currents.
For worst examples, look up the modern Microsoft production, such as VS 2012 or Lync 2013. Is the future really that ugly?
These just seems to me, compared to old, nice colorful icons, as drawings of 6-year olds. I can't shave off the feeling that they are just cheap. Or maybe it's the consequence of de-skilling the article is writing about?
http://sippicancottage.blogspot.com/2014/08/like-watching-al...
(loves me some Sippican, for the curmudgeonly Yankee aroma it inspires )
Lose that shit.