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I think that the solution is much more simple.

Print formula > Convert formula to image (screencap) > Paste image

the whole point is to have vector math, not raster, particularly to well support zooming in and out on small devices

Rasterize at 900dpi, then? Even on small devices that would support a ~3x zoom without compromising visual quality versus vector.

In EPUB3 readers with full <canvas> support one can translate the paint primitives via pdf.js into JS, too.