> The speed of light does not vary with time or place.
That's just an assumption.
That's just an assumption.
The universe can expand faster than c because there is not actually any information moving between the center and the perimeter.
> That's just an assumption.
Supported by evidence. (And no counter-evidence is known.)
That was true for Newtonian mechanics for a long time too.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Magueijo
For a good review of the VSL Theories (Varying Speed of Light Theories) and the evidence behind them see http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0305457
According to your second link: "The evidence is currently slim".