Remember, this is in the context of trying to analyze a fictional program -- The Office. Although there's some truthiness there, it's all a bit too neat. Wow, there's only three kinds of workers. Okaaay.
Organizations want 3 things from people: subordinacy, dedication, and strategy (working on the right things). You'll almost never see all 3, because a person who is strategic will either optimize for minimum discomfort (and not be dedicated/sacrificial) or for maximum personal yield (and, while he might follow orders, won't put the organization's goals above his own).
Moreover, people who have zero or one of those 3 traits are generally maladaptive and fall into a "Lumpenloser" category that excludes them even from the Loser in-group, and they'll usually be quickly let go.
This means that the interesting people will have 2 of those 3 traits. If they're subordinate and strategic (but not dedicated) they become minimum-effort Losers. If they're subordinate and dedicated (but not strategic) they become the middle-manager Clueless who clean up the messes made below and above them. If they're strategic and dedicated (but not subordinate) they fall into the category called "Sociopath".
The labels are a bit unfair. Most of the "Losers" aren't dislikable or inept people, and often the "cool kids" are MacLeod Losers. (In startups, the cool kids are Clueless.) Likewise, most of the "Sociopaths" aren't bad people-- just ambitious and not willing to sacrifice their own goals for the benefit of an organization that wouldn't return the favor.
Uh, where did "able to do good work" go??
Edit: "Dedication" and "productivity"/"capability" are different concepts. Trust me on this, I had an undetected bacterial infection for a while that lowered my capabilities seriously.
I had lowered productivity a couple of periods from undetected health problems (allergy troubles and a bacterial infection).
I have been both a high producer and a problem producer. And I have surprised bosses in both good/bad ways, and they have changed their opinions about me.
The main personal difference was self confidence ("I burn out easy these days? :-( More exercise/relaxation don't help?! I am old?! :-(". Afterwards, my reaction was/is "So I was physically sick, I am not a complete luser that turn everything I touch to shit.")
The only difference in "dedication" was a later natural effect -- of burnout from working like an animal to get productivity when it was failing.
And the lesson I have learned is compassion; the cynical failures that are a depressing pain on us others might not be stupid or sociopaths. I am happy for the insight, it made me less of an asshole, but it was probably not worth the high cost.
Edit: To make this into a point, I do believe in the "Pygmalion effect" and I have seen it in action. But it is far from the whole story. There are probably also many other effects than bosses' behaviour and those I know personally which influence workers.