Russia now requires public WiFi hotspot operators to collect user passport data
lenta.ru
lenta.ru
Frequency hopping, spread-spectrum technologies have been around for quite a while now and a few have seen adoption in the open market, but again, these are fewer and far in-between most other accepted technologies. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency-hopping_spread_spect...
To solve these problems, our best options now are spacial multiplexing and beamforming, which are improving nicely.
They are required to maintain these records for at least 6 months.
This only concerns state-funded internet access terminals, like computers in libraries (or, in case of Russia, post offices), not your typical Wi-Fi hotspots.
And regardless of the actual wording, whether this law applies to all public wifi networks, or just some subset of them will be determined by an "explanatory notice" of the agency that will be enforcing the law.
I highly doubt that you will actually need a passport or drivers license on you to access any public wifi. Most likely they'll settle for requiring phone number verification in most cases.
Also, my I-paid-cash SIM card came with a data plan.
( To be fair, Snowden's complaint was not that America has a surveillance state, but that the NSA was implementing it covertly. )