I'm one of the authors of the paper. One of our findings was that third-party cookie blocking is only marginally effective. See the tables under cookie syncing in our summary [1] or in our full paper [2]. Trackers bypass cookie blocking in a variety of creative ways. We're currently investigating the bypassing mechanisms in more detail.

On the other hand, add-ons like Ghostery work much better.

[1] https://securehomes.esat.kuleuven.be/~gacar/persistent/index...

[2] https://securehomes.esat.kuleuven.be/~gacar/persistent/the_w...