Funny you mention, I did have a similar project on the back burner. The following were all the measurements that were supposed to be sent back in CSV format :

  "station","town","district","lon","lat","elev","temp","dew","humid","mbar","wspeed","wdir","precip","start","end","status"

Lon, lat and elev are longitude, latitude and elevation of course and start, end were UNIX timestamps. I had an idea to have it send data back every 5 minutes to avoid the jet exhaust anomaly problem mentioned in the article. I could safely discard the outliers and store the rest.

Sadly, this never got off the ground as I never had the time to build it.

It's not that hard, CWOP[1] and wview[2] support doing this out of the box. I've got a setup[3] in my parent's place that submits the data regularly to them all the time. That said I'd probably trust this guy more than random weather stations setup by unknown people.

[1] http://wxqa.com/ [2] http://www.wviewweather.com/ [3] http://weather.voots.org/

You can find some of these projects from this map: https://thingful.net/?what=weather .

This is exactly how Weather Underground gets lots of it's data. If you select change station you'll see a listing of stations that are not the official observation points for your area.

Also, some of this data can be collected via the APRS amateur radio system.