1 in 4 Americans don't get any
vacationequalityproject.com
vacationequalityproject.com
But as I understand it US companies don't have to offer any vacation time at all to employees, how common is this?
I suppose it's also possible that employees underestimate the importance of taking vacation on their sanity so forcing them to make the trade is a good thing.
But seriously, vacation is really important for your mental and physical health. Time off is how you recharge and reboot your thinking process.
If I try to reconstruct your reasoning, I guess it goes like this - correct me if I'm wrong:
1) Employers of these workers are paying the workers according to their marginal product, and will continue to do so.
2) The worker's marginal productivity is exactly proportional to days worked.
3) Therefore, if they work 90% as many days, they will be paid 90% as much as before.
The first problem here is premise 2 - better-rested, happier workers tend to be more productive, so increased vacation partly pays for itself.
But the more serious problem with this logic is that, even if premise 2 were true, most of these workers are probably in wage-goods industries. A reduction in productivity within the wage-goods industries as a whole will be offset in two ways - less production of wage goods, and increased real price of wage goods, i.e. decreased real wage in non-wage industries. So even in the idealized classical world you seem to be living in, most of the effect will be on the wages of people who already enjoy vacation time.
You also have to consider the macroeconomic demand effect. The economy is still running below capacity, so employing more people will have a multiplier effect.