The most troubling possibility that the black male vs white male rate suggests to me is that police might not be taking black victims as seriously as white victims.
Blacks die by homicide at a rate that is around 16 times the rate whites die from homicide, for instance. I haven't analyzed this to make sure I'm not running into something like Simpson's Paradox or something similar that makes it easy to mess up when looking at cross group statistics, but my first impression is that if police were working as diligently to solve crimes against black people as they do to solve crimes against white people, they would be arresting a lot more black criminals than they do.
The female data is interesting. I don't even have a guess as to why white females might be arrested at a higher rate than black females.