> "In practice, it makes much more sense to allow the system to enter certain inconsistent states and then remediate them. Out of an ingredient? Refund the money. Can't pay? Pull the drink out of the queue, or just write it off. This can involve some cost, but less cost than than the throughput you'd lose by enforcing consistency."

I don't know what practice you're referring to, but unlike commodity coffee drinks paid for in cash 1) CC refunds are not free, and they're not cheap in volume at all if you intend to do it casually during normal operation 2) not all goods are standardized and available in large quantities.

Your examples are all over the place. Ticketmaster is an example of a reservation system similar to one I was trying to give an example of (two step commit). A resource is locked, the lock is held for a short period while collecting answers from the other subsystems (in this case, payment gateway), and then a final commit is issued (or a rollback is issued).

Airline overselling isn't done because it was some microservice design dogma about how great inconsistent state is, but because every seat costs the airline a fortune if left empty, and a certain % of passengers cancel or reschedule their tickets, and the airline is trying to arrive at an airplane with as few empty seats as possible. Having your tickets canceled is certainly not something that happens "often", thank god, but it does happen as a result of that tradeoff.

But if I reserve and buy my seats online for a cinema movie, and then I go with company and get handed my money back because "it's practical", I'll make a scene. And so no one implements cinema ticket reservation this way.

For bank overdrafting, it's a very special case - your money is a number in a computer, and the bank owns that computer. They make the rules... so they did. It's easy to mess around with numbers like that. Bank account overdrafting is probably the biggest exception of them all as no physical products and services are involved. No one's going to have their lawn un-mowed because the bank allowed your account to overdraft.

The only common thing between your examples is that they're driven by business concerns, not some ivory tower concern about service design. And this is why they're so different, and reserving resources is and will remain a common practice for many, as long as the business logic calls for it. There's nothing wrong about it.