A New Bike Lane That Could Save Lives and Make Cycling More Popular
wired.com
wired.com
Chicago recently added separated bike lanes to one of its streets, and it's definitely much more enjoyable and less stressful riding on that street than the rest of the city. In fact, whether or not I can spend most of my commute in that bike lane plays a huge factor in deciding if I'm going to bike to my destination. Unfortunately, even that bike line is flawed. For one, it relies on painted lines to separate the lane, which as the video in the article says, isn't that great a solution, since it doesn't physically keep the cars out. Taxis are the worst offenders and tend to treat the bike lane as their personal parking space.
Chicago also implemented dedicated traffic signals for bikes, as the article recommends, which sound amazing in theory. Unfortunately, most cars seem to completely ignore them and drive as they would on non-protected streets. For example, when the bike lane is green, the turn signal for cars is red. I rarely see cars actually obey that red light and regularly turn into oncoming bike traffic. Even worse is pedestrians who view the bike lane as an extension of the sidewalk, and will wait in the bike lane to cross the street.
These problems won't be fixed until protected bike lanes are the norm, rather than the exception, and following bike lane laws are taught in driver's ed and heavily enforced by police.
Unfortunately, nobody really cares about bikers. The New York Times had a great article last year about how hitting bicyclists isn't considered that big a deal[1].
1: http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/10/opinion/sunday/is-it-ok-to...
We have another big problem at least in Chicago, and that's that it's such a polarizing issue that it's easy to make news articles and stir up so much inflammatory debate that any sensible lawmaker is likely terrified to even approach that territory. (See the tribune and John Kass' infamously baiting articles that get tons of hits)
Can't say I've read any of Kass's stuff, but I actually think Emanuel's done a decent job at adding as many bike lanes as he has. When he entered office, he set a goal to add 100 miles of bike lanes to the city. He's been adding between 20-40 miles a year since then. They're not perfect, but at least they're steps in the right direction.
That is a way to look at it. Other ones are that it prioritizes the human scale over industrial scale, clean(er) air over pollution, an environment that keeps the population healthy over one promoting a sedentary lifestyle, an environment where people interact over one that distances people from each other.
Also, including public transport: in many urban zones, public transport and biking infrastructure are large reasons why the city isn't gridlocked 24x7. In many Dutch city centers, that separate bicycle lane takes more traffic than the two car lanes alongside it. One can argue that a bike lane that gets used, even if it is built at the cost of a car lane, makes the other car lanes in the street less busy.
If you accept a few of those as valid claims, you are more likely to accept the introduction of separate bike lanes.
"These problems won't be fixed until protected bike lanes are the norm, rather than the exception"
Agreed.
"and following bike lane laws are [...] heavily enforced by police."
That, I disagree with. If you still need strong enforcement, you aren't there yet. If almost every car driver also is, at times, a cyclist, or at least knows how it was to cycle regularly, you don't need strong enforcement anymore.
Now I arrive at work and I'm soaked either from sweat or rain. Now what? I can stink up the office with my B.O. all day while I desperately try to dry my clothes. Or I go through the indignity of getting to work, waiting an hour to cool-down and dry off, then trying to change out of my riding kit into some decent professional work clothes in a dirty stall in the men's room after giving myself a paper towel bath in the sink.
Then at the end of a long work-day, reverse this absurd course of events? Now instead of a 10 minute drive and 8.5 hours at the office followed by a 10 minute drive home (total time commitment under 9 hours), I've succeeded in turning my 9 hours of work time into a 10.5-11.5 hours of work time so I can put myself dangerously out in traffic, exposed to the elements and be uncomfortable the entire day and can't go anywhere else once I'm there?
Even if the stars aligned and I had door-to-door bike trails, I wouldn't partake in this uncivilized madness. I'd much rather just get home earlier, not smelling like exhaust fumes and body odor and go do a leisurely jog around my neighborhood park for a half hour or go to one of the 3 gyms next to my house where I can ride a stationary bike in a temperature controlled environment while watching TV.
Edit: for the record, I support dedicated bike lanes and infrastructure almost everywhere because of all the side benefits it brings. But I'm also not treating it as a religious issue, mindful of acute practicalities that explain the world better than assuming one of the most technologically sophisticated countries on the planet doesn't like to ride bikes to work because they're too stupid to do so.
I think you are probably right that bike lanes alone aren't going to get a lot of people biking, but I think you are wrong that they don't matter. It's a situation where each piece of the puzzle needs to exist, so safe routes probably matter just as much as sensible city planning and shower availability and so on. The existence of safe routes could even impact planning some (because if there is significant interest in using them to commute, it should show up in housing decisions).
You say that like it's a bad thing. At least I'm engaged on the issue and am actually trying to solve it rather than just paint lane markings all over creation and expect people to start hoping on bikes.
The claim being made, and the source of all my karma shedding on this is that adding more bike lanes will get more people to ride bikes. The "Field of Dreams" argument.
My counter argument is that bike lanes, while important, are not sufficient. Much more important, larger and prerequisite issues need to be attended to before bike lanes become part of the discussion. But I'm arguing against people who have a vested interest in biking, and really don't give two rats asses that biking is a horrible inconvenience most everywhere and would rather shoot derision and scorn and the car driving masses. Weather, environment, convenience, terrain, distance, time, hygiene etc. be damned; clearly most people are simply too fat and stupid to enjoy the glories and obvious benefits of riding bikes everywhere. Everywhere is exactly like the Netherlands right?
I'm actually a strong supporter of bike lanes for lots of reasons beyond biking. But I'm also not deluding myself and understand that the central claim is flat out wrong.
But this is a self-serving religious issue, no amount of reason can penetrate that.
This is one of the topics that really pulls out in front the inadequacies of the demographic that tends to be HN readers. It's pretty disappointing to be honest.
I do think the people replying to you saying "You can so bike" are engaging in relatively pointless activism (for one thing, 10 miles really is plenty far to try to build into every day). But that also isn't really the issue at hand.
All the article really says is that 1 designer thinks that bike lanes that 'feel safe' will get more people using them (and then a few characteristics are explored). I sort of think that shouldn't be a controversy.
This article is about adding setbacks and curbs and bike specific signals and you are engaging in 'paint lane markings all over creation'.
The comment you link agrees with you. There's not much glassy eyed pontificating about the wonders of bike lanes in the rest of the tree either.
Of course if your ride is over an hour you may want to consider alternatives, such as catching a train for part of the journey. I have known plenty of people that have 30-50 minute rides, and also others where riding a bike takes exactly as long as being stuck in traffic.
Cost incurred by one car of maintaining the road is essentially negligible. The majority of road damage comes from heavy vehicles or weather. Additionally it's interesting you want to 'charge for externalities' when it's actually the cyclists getting a free ride in this category. License fees and gasoline taxes contribute to road funding. Nothing related to cycling does.
I agree with parking, but only if it costs something. If the office already has it, you not using it will not likely save the company any money by refusing to use it.
The only externality you might not be paying enough for to drive to work is the gas filling (assuming non electric). However, the numbers regarding the impact of CO2 are mostly just made up from sums of imagined future or previous natural disasters that can't be directly linked to CO2 emissions.
Peddling to work only eliminates the mild inconvenience of filling up my tank once every 2.5 weeks or so.
When I drive, I suddenly realize what a waste of time it is. And it's not really fun because of traffic either.
I actually miss public transport. I also imagine that cyclists do similar things. The trouble in this argument is that maybe the cyclists also enjoy cycling like I did skating. To most people who solely drive to commute, it's a thing they don't particularly enjoy.
It can be subtly simple things, like, working in a job where you have to go across town to a customer site 3 times a week during the middle of the work day and can't afford to take 2.5 hours out of your day to bike there and bike. Or living in a place with lots of hills, or having no place to clean up once you get to work.
All those issues have to be solved long before bike lanes becomes part of the discussion for biking to become a practical choice. A few people who are really into biking, crazy spandex outfits and all, might be willing to ignore those practical considerations, but if you want to get the average citizen up on a bike like in the Netherlands, you have to solve the rest of the issues.
You prefer comfort over bikes - we get it. But bicycling is not "uncivilized madness". Its common way of transportation in most of the world (with exception of majority of the US). Healthy as well (much more healthy than gym).
Living in France for a couple of years, and visiting London, Rome, and various other parts in that direction, I didn't see any more bicycle traffic than I see in the US. The one place where I have seen a lot of bicycles is Beijing, but that has completely disappeared in the past few years.
I wish we could discuss these things without turning it into a "the US is strange and stupid" whinefest.
Edit: keep down voting in spite of your own ignorance. I've been lots of places the world over, and not seen lots of bikes outside of very very few areas with near perfect conditions for them.
Why change now? It's assertions all the way down.
Oh I'm sorry, this is apparently a religious issue and faith with get me over all practical issues.
Nobody ever made this claim, so there's no way to illuminate you about it. Same goes for the part about the idiots and morons.
Which part exactly doesn't make sense
For instance the part where you say Is an inconvenient, slow, tiring way to travel in anyplace without a good climate or near perfect. That is merely a generalized opinion.
I'm sorry if I offended your religion.
But as we all know, driving in major cities is no longer optimal.
Any city that chooses driving over all other modes of transportation has deliberately decided it is closed for further growth at some point. Once you reach that critical population point, car-dependent life just becomes hell.
Unfortunately, for millions and millions of people, the city is viewed as a work location, not a living location. Building bike friendly infrastructure ends at the city limits and needs inter-government coordination and cooperation to achieve door-to-door biking. If you've ever dipped your toes in cross-county or other inter-government initiatives, you'll know that this is an extremely difficult proposition.
I haven't been to France but have you been to Amsterdam, Berlin or Copenhagen?
It is perfectly valid to criticize US without it being "the US is strange and stupid"
I have no problem with stuff like "the US should...." Where I have a problem is with "everybody else does it another way" when it's just not true.
Aside from adopting the metric system, I can't think of any legitimate criticism that fits that mold. Bicycles certainly don't seem to.
Never been to Tokyo or Singapore, but if they're anything like Seoul, where I've spent months, riding a bike in the streets is both playing Russian Roulette and virtually impossible on account of the bad terrain (and for pretty much all the same reasons I brought up earlier). You also have almost no place to store them given the size of the average apartment. Outside of dedicated parks, I've almost never seen a person on a bike their either.
I've been to dozens of countries on almost every continent, and bikes are a very uncommon mode of transportation. That's why places like the Netherlands, where it is common, are so notable. If it was common, we wouldn't care.
Rather than being snarky, what's your suggestion for overcoming these practical and social issues?
The article discussed in this thread brings up one suggestion for overcoming practical issues. There are many, many more (proven) solutions to choose from -- when you make bicycle transportation pleasant enough, people will start using it.
If the "social issues" you talk about are because there's a group of people who thinks transportation by bicycle is uncivilized, I think it is a matter of education and tolerance. Once using bikes is common in a country, you will see that the only social issues are about people having unjustified fears (about the implications of considering bicycles as a method of transportation during city planning) and there are no real social issues other than people being dicks.
Social issues refer to body odor my bike riding colleagues carry around with them all day because our workplace doesn't have a shower.
I also don't buy the "small apartments" thing. We live in a 650sq ft apartment and have 4 bikes hung up on our wall. Where there's a will, there's a way.
650 sq ft is a pretty large place by Korean standards. I expect by Tokyo or Singapore as well.
I'd dare say we could fit 4 bikes in a much smaller place too. It's not the size of the place that's at debate here though.
So all and all, I agree with you, it's common in these places because the combination of these things makes riding very practical and they're noteworthy because of it.
-edit- I forgot to mention that most apartment buildings will have stacked locking bike racks. This combined with the generally low rate of theft, easily available recycled (read: cheap) bicycles makes them very affordable and low risk.
Now that I live in Sydney I don't ride at all - I just don't feel safe.
I live in the third largest city in Australia. Much of it is ridiculously hilly, the weather is usually stinking hot (apart from a few weeks of 'winter'), but we have plenty of cyclists... Not as many as the average European country but definitely enough to be annoying when you're driving!
Either you're being sarcastic or you have never spent time in London.
Also because is followup reference to "all the bikers there" is straight-up true, there are loads of bikers in London, really, though it doesn't follow from the statement before. Is that an attempt at sarcasm that fails because of a failed attempt at a false statement? Who knows. Why can't funkyy just say what they mean? Who knows.
The average speed of cyclists in Copenhagen is under 10 miles per hour. Add in a couple long hills and you are at 6-8 times faster on any given day.
The question of "why don't Americans bike to work more" is not going to be solved with any number of bike routes (which I support the building more of BTW) until it can be solved for frankly trivial cases like mine. It suggests that local environmental conditions are probably more important to favoring biking than any number of infrastructure initiatives. Simple things like "bad weather" and "showers at places of employment" and "places to store bikes so they won't get stolen during the day" probably have to solved en masse long before bike lanes become part of the discussion.
All the unused empty bike lanes in the world aren't going to kick start a biking revolution.
Most employed Americans live, work, or both inside highly urbanized environments where parts of their commute involve roads that you can't reliably do 20mph on, much less 60. Crowded roads and stoplights put a real crimp on speeds, and it can take 5-10 minutes to cover a mile -- if you're lucky.
And with the car you have a parking problem as well.
"How fast can you travel through town by bike and car? The average travelling speed in Copenhagen is 15.5 km/h for cyclists and 27 km/hour for cars. In places with green wave for cyclist the average speed is 20.72 km/h."
It seems like Copenhagen is an especially unfriendly car environment.
Another advantage for cyclists is "right on red". Even though it's illegal, a lot of people does it. Sometimes the car lane to turn right is packed and you have to wait several intervals for you to turn right, and the cyclists just pass by.
The roads are small, especially compared to the US. And there're just too many cars!
In fact, the record high ever for the city isn't even within 10 degrees of the temperature I've had where I live over the past two weeks. Our all time average, not average high, is about the same as Copenhagen's record high.
Our winters are colder and wetter also.
I ride every day. You can too.
You want to ride, go ahead. He wants to drive, that's fine. Neither one is more right or wrong than the other. Stop acting like driving is morally wrong (if you're not, many are).
Regardless, if it's not right for you it is right for someone on your approximate route. So if you can't be convinced to ride in but they can that's win-win. They have an easier ride into work on a bike and you have a less congested drive in because the biker is one less driver.
If there are any people riding bikes on my route I have yet to see them in 7 years.
https://subsite.kk.dk/sitecore/content/Subsites/CityOfCopenh...
How fast can you travel through town by bike and car? The average travelling speed in Copenhagen is 15.5 km/h for cyclists and 27 km/hour for cars. In places with green wave for cyclist the average speed is 20.72 km/h.
In the city that I live and work in, at rush hour? Absolutely nowhere.
I really don't think that adding more bike lanes would get everyone biking or "solve the issue" entirely. That isn't a reasonable position. But nonetheless, we need more bike lanes. We need more separated, safe bike lanes. We need them in every city, except maybe for those who have got there already - i.e. Amsterdam, Copenhagen and very few others.
Survey after survey where I am shows that the main thing preventing higher (not universal, just higher) uptake of cycling to work is not the distance, or the weather, it's the fear factor, i.e the lack of safe facilities like bike lanes.
http://thinkingaboutcycling.com/article-fear-of-cycling/ http://www.economist.com/blogs/blighty/2013/09/cycling-londo...
But I've yet to see a discussion that talks about the "rest of the ride." Even with bike lanes, biking isn't feasible for most people for a wide variety of reasons. I've attempted to provide those reasons here, and I'm fortunate enough to have buckets of karma to shed because as you can see, nobody wants to concern themselves with prerequisite issues that are probably more important to biking (i.e. if they aren't solved, no amount of bike lanes will make a substantial difference).
The HN community suffers from a religious myopia at times that the living conditions and lifestyle of a single 20-something males in Silicon Valley represents the accumulated averages for the rest of the world and should be the model for everybody else. The community is shocked and disgusted when dissenting voices try to provide insight as to why most people are not single 20-something males in Silicon Valley. TBH, I don't think a discussion about bike lanes belongs on HN except that it brings up this demographic discussion. As you can see, the HN hive-mind is not receptive to people of different demographic groups, even if those groups might be better representative of the rest of the country or world.
Your experience is not universal. I live in a large, crowded city, and I know from repeated experience that in my case, in rush hour, cycling to work takes 30 minutes, public transport takes 40-60 minutes and driving in my own vehicle takes mental insanity and a parking space, which nobody has.
Cycling is not only the fastest method, it has the least time variance, and is cheapest.
http://www.reference.com/motif/sports/average-commute-in-mil...
The average commute in miles for Americans is 16 miles and 26 minutes for one way. That's 32 miles and 52 minutes for a round trip every day.
Let's assume we decide we want to get the "Average" American biking to work instead. We have to figure out how we can convince people who spend an hour on the road everyday to spend 8 hours on the road biking instead, or give up their houses and pay more for smaller accommodations closer to their work to shorten the distance.
>spend 8 hours on the road biking instead
4mph is a slow running speed...
The average speed of a bike commuter is under 10 mph. 32 miles thus takes more than 3.2 hours, * 2 = 6.4 hours per day biking the same distance as the average American commuter currently drives in 1/3 the time. Toss in a couple hills and you could easily hit 8 hours total biking time.
People who commute 32 miles one way should get a new job, a new place to live, or work from home.
If finding the perfect job were that easy, we wouldn't be having this discussion. Do you even live on this planet?
Sure, and I don't drive farther than it is to outer space every day, like people putting in 60+ miles to commute to an office because reasons.
(Can't have the kids go to school with the black folk is my guess.)
If there were zero cars, there would be more injuries, but they'd be less serious.
If there were zero cyclists, there'd be fewer injuries, and they'd be less serious. (Talking about crowded city traffic, not high speeds.)
When there are cars, and enough cyclists to cause problems, there are more injuries, and they're more serious. Cars and fleshbags--I mean, bikes--do not mix.
Some cities are like that, and others aren't. People can vote with their feet. Guess which one people like better? (Hint: People have been moving out of dense cities for 100 years now.)
Are you planning on forcing people to accommodate themselves to your definition of the perfect city?
> We have disparate clusters/districts related to activities like 'work', 'play', 'shop', and 'sleep', rather than having these constructs evenly interspersed.
Is that supposed to be a bad thing? The world is not sim-city. Not everyone wants to live near a shopping area.
> We have supermarkets instead of markets.
Markets are not large enough to carry everything, so when I lived in a place like that I never went to the market, so I got the worst of both worlds: High density (i.e. traffic) plus a long drive.
I moved out.
You are acting as if the layout of cities was a commandment given from on high, but actually cities are laid out as they are because people like it that way.
Data to support this? Every study I've seen recently shows that people are moving INTO cities, not out of them.
People are leaving the dense NE cities and going to the less dense south and west ones.
To pick the largest city in the US, the population density of Manhattan went from 21 in 1910 to 12 today. And Lower East Side went from 70 to 16.[1]
Also look at construction statistics, new home construction outpaces population growth, people are moving into less dense areas and need new housing.
They build a bit less than 1 million homes every year, and most of those are single family homes.[2] Population growth is about 2.8 million each year, but that's people not families.
[1] http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/01/realestate/man...
[2]http://www.economicpopulist.org/content/new-residential-cons...
I'll also present you with this about apartment construction now driving the economic recovery, not single family homes (disclosure: I work for rentals site hotpads.com, owned by Zillow) - http://time.com/102822/housing-apartments/
WRT NY's density falling, it could be an outlier or the norm. Still, from what I understand overall population densities are increaing in the US. [1]
[1] http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/17/nyregion/suburbs-try-to-ho...
edit: Clarification and spelling.
It's probably the result of the lobbying power of a conglomerate of automotive stakeholders, formed in the 20s/30s. [1]
[1]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_city#The_road_lobby_...
Reality is also that humans generally prefer having some room and space. Crowding people together CAUSES problems. If you've ever lived in an apartment building, you know this.
But it can't be any of that new technology enabling higher standards of living. No, it must have been an evil conspiracy. We should all ride bikes and live stacked on top of each other.
I remember when Portland was called one of the most bike-friendly cities in the US, and its transit was also one of the top-rated.
After I spent ~2 years in Amsterdam, I think both biking and transit in Portland are a joke, in comparison.
EDIT: changed wording for clarity
Edit: Here's a similar talk[2] I just found talking about adopting Dutch traffic planning to work in Vancouver.
[1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l0GA901oGe4 [2] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BrIlB6C8uqs
* The speed limit in residential zones in the Netherlands is always 50 km/h (31 mph). This doesn't seem to be the case in the U.S.
* Bicyclists are considered full first-class participants in traffic on the road in the Netherlands.
* We have no policy of allowing turning-on-right here. It seems like a dangerous thing to have if bicyclists are involved in traffic. These new bike lanes might help with this.
* In accidents involving both a car and a bicyclist, the burden of proof always lies with the driver of the car, not the bicyclist.
* Our cities are way, way smaller and arranged completely differently. Everything I need in daily life is within a 3 mile radius of my house. Convenience stores, clothes shops, electronics stores, restaurants, etc. I've never been to the U.S, but I wonder if that's the case over there.
I think the biggest problem the U.S has is that car drivers and law enforcement don't give a shit about bicyclists.
It also seems to me that the people who bike in the U.S. take it way to seriously. I could very well be wrong on this; I'm not intimately familiar with bike culture in the U.S., but to me it seems you all ride extremely fancy bikes, work up a sweat on each ride and change clothes and shower every time you hop on or off a bike. That seems like a huge effort, and if I had to do it every time I took my bike, I'd probably just say "screw this, I'll take the car". In comparison, when I commute to work, I just get on my cheap $200 bike (not the cheapest category either) in my work clothes and slowly paddle to work. If there are hills, which we don't get much in the Netherlands of course, or if there are strong head-winds, which we do get a lot, I simply paddle slower. I could be completely mistaken of course, so please do point that out, but biking in the U.S. seems like a very tiring experience.
edit Some more differences:
* Round-abouts in the Netherlands are everywhere. Bikes and pedestrians have the right of way on these. Stop-light intersections are annoying and are easily avoided in the Netherlands.
* Nearly every city center (the shopping zones) is car-free in the Netherlands.
* The roads in our cities are layed out completely differently. There are usually a few main roads with heavy car traffic and lots of smaller side roads for destination-specific traffic. These side roads are much less crowded, and less car-friendly. That means cars generally stay on the "doorgaand verkeer" (passing-through traffic) roads. These generally have separate bike paths. This works because cars and bikes don't have to intermix all the time on those roads, unlike the grid-like road system in U.S. cities.
I think you're right about some cyclists in the US taking it WAAY to seriously. Because they're such a marginalized group, they define themselves by their difference. It's the American way :)
I'm not convinced right on red doesn't pose a dangerous situation, even if cars come to a full stop first. In a right on red scenario, the bicyclist always approaches from behind, in the blind spot of the mirror. I'm not saying the right on red policy should be abolished, just as I don't want roundabouts to be abolished in the Netherlands (I love those things). Just that, as a cyclist, it's primarily your duty to ensure cars have seen you. Let's hope that as cycling increases in the U.S., motorists become more aware of cyclists in the street.
As a pedestrian I disagree, because right-on-red means that I have to constantly keep scanning for vehicles that may not have been at the intersection when I started crossing.
The second aspect is that the drivers of the vehicles are invariably looking to their left for oncoming traffic, rather than to their right where cyclists and 'crunchy' pedestrians exist.
Are there Russia-level[1] dashcam ownership rates, by any chance? That would certainly happen if you had any such law in Britain, because many cyclists are infamously reckless.
[1]Sure most people have seen all the 'crazy Russian dashcam' videos, but if not, just have a search on Youtube. In Russia, everyone has a dashcam because otherwise, insurance will try to wriggle out of paying out in an accident, plus people like to jump in front of cars, get hit, then try to sue the driver.
The "right on red" seems to be a hack to address the fact that there are too many traffic lights. Indeed roundabouts would be better, those narrow Euro city centers are often faster. They also like their ridiculous 4-way stops instead of just yields. Right on red is indeed dangerous for cyclists, and when there's a bike lane, it is sometimes disallowed with a sign. Many drivers ignore them, and you always have to double check or risk getting creamed.
The "taking it too seriously" part is I think because biking in traffic here is an adrenaline rush. I do things here that I would never do at home, yet they are often the safer option. I sometimes bike into the third lane to make a left turn, I sometimes sneak a block on the sidewalk if it lets me use a safer crossing. Every single trip involves careful planning of your route. Often there is no bike lane, and you just have to share the road with traffic, while avoiding the swerving doors of parked cars.
Even worse is when they put a suicide bike lane between the first lane and the second/third lanes. The idea is that the first lane is a mix of parking, bus-stops and right hand turns. So you have all of those crossing through the bike lane, often cutting it short at the light, and hating you for being in their way.
The streets I rode on as a child to primary school were safer than the stuff being constructed here today. Pretty mind-blowing. They are slowly learning, but the entitlement from drivers (to whom 80-90% of the paved road is dedicated to) is insane.
To make it worse, pedestrians here just don't seem to understand cycling is a third mode, and they will obliviously wander into any bike lane even though there's literally a sign every 10 meters telling them to go onto the other path. A "shared bike/pedestrian path" is pretty much a shit show of people having 0 spatial awareness.
And of course, that site has several excellent articles on all kinds of cycling infrastructure related issues, including on junction design, for example http://bicycledutch.wordpress.com/2014/02/23/junction-design..., which links to http://www.protectedintersection.com, the site that the video mentions, but this Wired article forgets to link to.
Edit: as a note, some people are concerned about losing lanes, but if the lanes are (almost) always moving, and there is no redundant middle left-turn lane, you don't need as many lanes, freeing up the space for sidewalks and bike paths.
Take a look at this short film from 2009 from my home town of how we re-invented the biking culture:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZtX8qiC_rXE
Edit: My comment is more a reaction to the general theme of the comments on this post, rather than a comment to the linked article
A bike can travel on the right near an intersection only when it's passing traffic that is completely stopped. If traffic is moving at all, you shouldn't be on the right, you should be in the lane. If you still want to pass, pass on the left, although if there's only a single lane of traffic in each direction you should probably just ride in the lane and wait to pass until after the intersection.
I appreciate attempts to solve real problems like this, but I doubt this design will be an improvement. The most dangerous thing a cyclist can do at an intersection is blast off the sidewalk into the crosswalk. Such a cyclist is more dangerous than properly-crossing cyclists, because from motorists' perspectives he appears out of nowhere instead of simply continuing to travel in the street. He is more dangerous than pedestrians, because he's moving much faster. This new design appears to force all cyclists into that situation: traveling quickly and appearing, to motorists, out of nowhere.
Another problem with this design is it prevents large trucks from turning right.
Here (Japan) bikes have a complete disregard for the rule of law, other bikes, pedestrians and cars. I bike everyday to work (30 minutes each way), and the most frightening are in order : cyclists, pedestrians and cars. Cars mostly follow the rules, so they are highly predictable. Bicycles just storms from anywhere at any time, crossing red lights without braking or even checking if something/someone is incoming... terrifying.
As I said in this case there was no bike lane and my understanding is that this is a known danger and the cyclist should not have been passing all the stopped cars on the right. See example #8 on this page: http://bicyclesafe.com/
The disadvantage with going into the lane is that cars have much shorter stopping distances. I had an accident a few months ago where I had just managed to merge into the lane (had to be going at the speed of traffic to do this) when all the cars in front of me slammed on their brakes and skidded to a halt -- I hit the back of the car with my head and smashed my helmet (and got cuts in my head where the helmet cracked; but I'd have been severely worse off without it!).
But right hooks are much more common than what happened to me. We just have a really bad road infrastructure in the US (even for driving -- I'm amazed every time I go back to the UK and can drive for miles through densely populated areas without stopping, all because of the roundabout -- the lockless n-way intersection).
Bikers on public roads should also be licensed and insured just like car drivers. Equal rights, equal responsibilities.
As you imply, "separated" bike lanes are another matter. It's as if one is on a pleasant jaunt through bucolic parkland, punctuated repeatedly by intersections with angry vehicular traffic that can't possibly see the cyclist before she enters the intersection. It's probably possible to design these so that don't have problems at every intersection, but the concept in general doesn't lend itself to that. My suspicion is that separated lanes are an attempt to turn cyclists into pedestrians: stop at every intersection, never enter the street, stay the !#@% out of the way of red-blooded American car drivers. No thanks! When I want to travel as slow as a pedestrian (and in many cases I do) I just leave the bike at home.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/12588351@N02/sets/721576231926...
I'm not sure if this is the same in the US, but at least here (UK), cyclists are extremely infamous for ignoring traffic lights, to the frustration and occasional fear of both pedestrians and drivers alike.
In the case of a car, they always have to use extreme caution when a cyclist is coming up to a junction as there's probably a 50% chance they will blast straight through a red light without slowing, and if you hit them, you're going to be the one they expect people to blame. In the case of a pedestrian, you always have to look out for ones who do similar things at crossings, in addition to treating the pavement as a cycle lane in roads without a dedicated lane.
I know that both represent a minority (albeit a large one) and I personally know many responsible cyclists, but I think perception of cycling in general (and so concessions made) won't change until the irresponsible ones are a thing of the past.
Road geometry goes a long way to influence driver speed and perception.
I think you could imagine that when cyclists are in protected lanes (and thus are first-class citizens on the road), they won't NEED to break laws that shoe-horn them in with 2-ton automobiles.
I don't understand why any discussion of bicycles must have a comment about law-breaking cyclists. It doesn't happen with other topics even though there are plenty of other topics where lots of people involved don't follow the relevant laws.
While technically I may be a "vehicle" in the eyes of the law, in reality, I'm between a pedestrian and a "real vehicle" without the benefits of either. Add to this strange intersections with traffic, where the cars have a stop sign (side road) and the bike path traffic have the right of way (in theory). Or worse, places where bike paths strangely end leaving a biker unfamiliar with the area unsure as to how to proceed. Adopting seemingly inconsistent and strange behavior is the only way to make cycling feasible in many places. The adoption of standard ways for interaction with traffic and better signage would decrease the cognitive load required to cycle and produce more consistent cyclist/vehicle interactions.
Regardless of my dislike of certain car behavior, such as overtaking without giving space, and misjudging speed, I much prefer riding on speed limited (25mph-35mph) streets to bike paths simply because I know how to act like a car, and people generally expect me to act like a car.
A more reasonable solution, as strange as it might seem, would be to have elevated or underground bike tunnels. Cars and bikes SHOULD be completely separated. Trying to cram them into the same space is asking for trouble.
I also don't have any desire to use a car frequently. I shouldn't be forced to resort to a car to travel anything less than 15 miles due to fear or lack of infrastructure. And we face a chicken and egg problem. It would be great if we could have elevated bikeways tomorrow, but the truth of the matter is we should be encouraging bike use now not hypothetically in a utopian future. Because without proven use, there's no way major bike infrastructure projects will happen.
For example, say a bus overtakes a cyclist and stops 40m in front. A car would signal, wait for a space, turn, then catch up to the traffic. For a bike, it needs to signal, wait for a space, then start peddling, which is very much slower than a car. A car following the bike needs to slow down creating a hazard. I experience this many times in the past few months, especially where one has to peddle up hill.
The reason I noticed this is because recently I tried electric bikes, they greatly help with the initial peddling which I feel make me less of a target for cars. An easier route for a normal bike is to take the side walk and avoid that hazard all together.
Another is when waiting for green light, bikers tend to peddle before the traffic light turns green because they can get a head start peddling. Personally I feel pressured to do so to avoid the cars behind me overtaking dangerously.
Several of them are somehow converted into school children drop off zones for cars during the morning (i.e., at the time that people should be commuting on them they're made even more dangerous - Des Plaines Ave near the church school for example) And of course despite multiple calls out to advocacy groups and local leadership, nothing seems to beat the "for the children" argument, despite the fact that what it's really doing is "for the traffic" more than anything.
That's one of many examples though, but the short of it is - things like protected bike lanes ignore the real problems in urban commuting, of which there are essentially four, in my opinion:
1 - Traffic is too fast - The basic speed limit unless posted otherwise, in the city of Chicago is 30mph. this speed limit is nearly NEVER enforced by police (Hello free revenue stream?) and traffic down major streets regularly goes at 50+ mph.
2 - Traffic is too slow - congested streets cause just as many problems as speeding. Being in a car when you're stuck in stop light to stop light traffic is infuriating. People are constantly looking for a move they can make to avoid it. Even with a bike lane, cars will constantly try to pass on the right, use what's supposed to be parking to make moves towards turning early, etc. This has been the source of my own collisions with automobiles 4/5 times I've had them in 10 years.
3 - Lack of a safe place to stow the bike. Any respectable bike will cost $500.00 and up. Sure, you can get some used single speed or old ten speed for less, but walk into any shop, and you won't see much below that. Locking those outside, especially on a regular schedule, makes them not last very long. (not to mention weather, which while often fine to do a short ride in, all day exposed to can wreak havoc on even a great bike).
4 - The whole, stinky at work, work stigma, aging building infrastructure problem. Sure, a few downtown offices have showers, but it's certainly the exception (spoken as a developer who's worked in many offices over the years) and in some companies being "that guy" seems to have it's own negative connotations.
Want to spend that bike-focused infrastructure money well? Start offering tax breaks to companies providing showers (I'd hear this was a thing once, but never found any proof of it), or safe places to store bicycles indoors. Want to create more of that bike-focused infrastructure money? Start enforcing speed limit laws that exist already, and start looking more towards traffic patterns for cars as a whole, and stick to shared lanes and painted lanes.
Regarding getting to work sweaty, why not ride slower? Sure, you might live in a hotter place than I do, but if you reduce your speed you'll sweat less. I think many of us on bikes are still getting out of the lead foot mentality of driving a car.
Traffic too fast can be controlled. Traffic too slow? That's one that can be solved by separated bike lanes. Look at the Netherlands and how they solve it. I personally hate the combined bike/traffic sections of Market St in San Francisco. Those are the most terrifying 7 blocks of my commute.
As far as "Separated" I guess it becomes important to define separated. If there were physical curbs between, I could see it - but where I have seen that those tend to become even more pedestrian travelled, but even the flexible post at interval type ones, I've seen most of those destroyed in the first year they'd been put in by plows, UPS drivers, you name it. It's a bit of a tall ask to put in full on curbs, as much as I think it could work. Most of our major downtown streets aren't much wider than SF's smaller streets, with parking on both sides.
The separated thing is super interesting to me. Obviously we couldn't do it on all streets, like the very skinny SF ones you talk about (I live near many of them in the Lower Haight). On those, which are not major thoroughfares, mixing bikes and cars is fine. But when it comes to a 4-6 lane street like Market St (or some in Chicago), separated makes sense. The traffic will go around if the street is less amenable to them. It's the same argument as taking down a freeway through a city. SF did it both at the Embarcardero (well, that one was by natural causes aka an earthquake), but then also at Octavia. Traffic slowed, neighborhoods revitalized. Studies have been done showing that taking these down doesn't greatly increase driving times, and often the traffic driving them doesn't actually stop in the city that they pass through. Instead they pollute the air and leave. Strong argument for taking them down, IMO.
But I've digressed. I agree there are challenges and never a one-size-fits-all solution. But there are solutions that are not currently being put into place that benefit the vast majority.
</rant>
* Measure one's pedal torque and cadence, thus calculate and display "Human Watts" input to the bike while cycling (update rate = once per crank rev)
* Supply a configurable amount of electric-motor power assistance directly proportional to one's "Human Watts" input -- at selectable, configurable, default power amplification factors of 0x ( assist off ), 1x or 2x.
With this instrumented, pedal-power-amplified bike I've found:
* I won't break a sweat if I keep my "Human Watts" below about 30 to 60 (power assist on or off, doesn't matter)
* Breaking 100 - 150 "Human Watts" for more than a few seconds will break a sweat for me.
* (Off topic ) Efficiency comes out to an excellent 2 to 4 Watt-Hours-electric per mile with my settings and low-power riding style, having gotten over 100 miles on my first, not-yet-fully-depleted battery charge.
It's also possible to configure a throttle power control to deal with hills where my "no sweat" rate of 50 Watts -- even with 2x power assist -- won't make it up a grade.
But I configure the throttle as disabled as I don't have hills like that on my commute. I config pedal power amplification for a cut-in speed of 6 mph and a cutoff speed of 13 mph just right so as to stay dry and safe for me and those around me. Un-assisted cyclists frequently pass me; that's fine.
I stick to what roads on my commute have painted bike lanes. My scariest road encounter (a motorist who crowded me toward the curb with his car, twice) would have been impossible were I riding in a protected bike lane and making the kind of protected right turn this new design affords.
Edits for clarity.
---------------
[1] http://www.ebikes.ca/shop/edgerunner/full-bikes/edgerun-stok...
Not quite a replacement for showers, but this might help any people who are "that guy" if showers aren't an option: http://www.amazon.com/Wet-Ones-Antibacterial-Travel-15-Count...
Interestingly some cities and towns in England are having trouble because they are being accused of over-enforcing parking regulations in order to get income.
The amount of income they get is a reasonable amount but trivial in terms of the total budget. And people breaking parking rules are usually pretty clearly breaking an obvious rule.
But it cause great offence and distress and councils need to spend time and money explaining what they're doing and why; and also on the appeals process.
The use of roaming CCTV vehicles which travel to parking blackspots is being investigated at the moment, and might be regulated out.
I agree with the rest of your post! Offering better bike parking and some changing facilities would be helpful.
Another idea, that would not work in US cities, is to remove all road and pavement marking. There's just a broad road with no kerbs (but pavements are marked with slightly differen paving) or lines and everyone, pedestrians cyclists and vehicles just use it. Vehicles entering this area suddenly slow down and look out for people.
(Other states may vary from CA)
Cyclists should come to a full stop at every intersection, even if the light is green in its direction of travel.
1. Cars burn gas all the time. Decelerating, idling, and accelerating all waste fuel.
2. Cars take longer to accelerate to average speed in city traffic than a bike does to get up to its average speed.
3. Cars are the enormous majority of traffic.
2 and 3 put together means that cars stopping at every intersection would kill the flow of traffic. That's why traffic signals are used instead of stop signs.
4. Cyclists have far greater visibility, meaning they can more easily see their surroundings. This makes the "stop and look" penalty lower and quicker than for a car or truck.
5. Vehicles are much easier to see than cyclists. This means that cyclists can see cars more easily than cars can see cyclists. This means that the burden of spotting the other kind of traffic should be on the traffic more difficult to be seen. IOW, cyclists should pretend they are invisible to cars (which they often are). This might seem callous to the poor, unprotected cyclists, but by disabusing them of the notion that they are special and protected, it would actually increase their safety.
6. You simply need to face reality. In the west, cars are the vast majority. Your mindset is irrational. By trying to force cars to respect cyclists, you're actually harming cyclists' safety. Cars are big heavy machines, and cyclists are unprotected bags of flesh. Mixing them together is foolish and asking for trouble.
It's not a software problem, it's a hardware problem. Instead of trying to write a driver that accepts bologna in a floppy drive without tearing it up, stop putting lunch meat in the grinder.
It happens all the time and it's a function of poor design. I'm not sure what the right fix is (preventing right turns on some Alma crossings? Forced right turn lane to the right of a green lane?). With this intersection at least the cyclists start out ahead of the traffic when waiting on a red -- but if the light is green and a cyclist is at the speed of traffic then this design does nothing to prevent right hooks...
1. License and insure all cyclists on public streets. Equal rights, equal responsibilities. 2. Require all cyclists to stop at all intersections, no matter what. Any cyclist who runs into a vehicle is at fault by definition.
This is the only realistic solution.
It was just a half baked idea, and now that I think about it drainage would be a pretty big problem as well. If the drains got clogged it could turn into a death trap pretty fast in a heavy downpour.
As someone in the tunneling industry, I disagree.
But really, your response to a plea for a single example of an economically-defensible tunnel project was "tunneling consistently comes out ahead on a cost basis"? You never took rhetoric, did you? It's not as though I asked a question that someone "in the industry" wouldn't have the background to answer.
The reason I don't give a single example of a tunnel project is because they are, quite literally, all over. Your local water/sewer district has probably put in tens in the past year. If you live in the Bay area, Caldecott's fourth bore has just been completed successfully (on time, under budget) and this installation was obviously much less costly than blowing up the mountain. If you live out East, Liberty University just completed a jacked box tunnel install that was less costly than the alternative of rerouting train traffic or continuing to use a less safe at-grade crossing.
Are there examples of tunnels that have gone awry? Certainly, and I'm sure you're more than willing to rattle off a few results that you found on Google. The fact is, good and cheap (relative to the other options) tunneling jobs happen all the time, around the world.
Your use of scare quotes does not diminish the fact that you are completely ignorant of the pros and cons of tunneling and that you are arguing from that position of ignorance.
But thanks for answering the (ignorant, obviously...) question!
Before you say "but that means that there is less time for cars to cross the intersection", consider the fact that a lot of the people using bikes would otherwise have to use other means of transportation, resulting (at least partially) in reduced traffic.
For a lot of the less popular intersections, free for alls work good enough and trying to be clever would be a premature optimization. In other situations, there are generally two approaches:
* implement a more complex routing strategy that can route both cyclists and cars concurrently; an example would be [1], where the blue line is how the cyclist should travel.
* avoid the intersection al together with tunnels[2] or bridges[3] -- this is the most desirable strategy, but probably the most expensive one. It is used fairly often in popular-by-cycle cities such as Utrecht and Amsterdam.
[1] http://img122.imageshack.us/img122/3652/kruispunt2pz8.jpg
[2] http://www.n246.nl/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/4398.jpg
[3] http://www.provincie.drenthe.nl/publish/pages/72918/afbeeldi...
Regarding the lights - sure. Cars have a special light, pedestrians have a special light. Why wouldn't bikes? Having a usable bike infrastructure that doesn't make bikers feel like they're going to die at every intersection would promote safer biking. I'll run a red light on my bike because I can see the cars coming from my left and right, but I can't see the car coming from behind and turning right into me.
As somebody elsewhere said, if you get more people riding, you are removing their cars from the road, but there is a real chicken and egg problem, as drivers will be very upset if they see their commute lengthen.
Bikes work as primary transportation for active 20-somethings who live in cities near work. They do not work for the vast majority of people, and never will. Wanting to make cities bike-friendly is fine. Wanting to do so at the expense of the 80% of the population that needs a car is addle-brained.
1. Take your kids to school on a bike?
If you're living in a dense metro area, your school in within walking distance. So yes. You could bike there, but more likely you'll walk with them. If they go to a further away school, they'll take the subway or a bus.
2. Ride in a business suit?
Yes, I see it all the time with Citibikes. Even on Wall Street.
3. Go to Ikea or Costco?
Sure you'll go there, but you'll have your items delivered like any sane person who doesn't live in BFE.
4. Going to ride in from the suburbs?
People do it every day. You'd be surprised how many showers and locker rooms are right next to corporate bike rooms.
Just because you can't imagine something doesn't mean it isn't normal in another part of the country.
Not everyone wants to live in a dense city like Manhattan (or any of NY city).
I bike to Costco and Ikea all the time, but sure you do have to get big stuff delivered unless you have a trailer (https://www.bikesatwork.com/blog/move-it-by-bike-moving-serv...). I used to commute to downtown from the suburbs daily. When I was young my dad used to bike me to daycare/school all the time. If you need to be somewhere in a suit you bike in pants + undershirt and add the rest when you get there.
All of these things are possible, admittedly there is a real limitation of needing to live within a 15-20 mile radius of work. The best data I can find suggests about 23% of commuters have a commute of more than 20 miles. So I would say cycling is a perfectly reasonable solution for the majority of people.
How did all your siblings fit? Or did your Dad make multiple trips?
> live within a 15-20 mile radius of work
You really think people want to bike 20 miles? That's going to cost you about 2,000 calories (round trip). That's completely unrealistic for most people. They would have to double their food, plus end up exhausted every day at work.
And that's for perfectly flat terrain!
(The weirdest part is the extra food costs more than the equivalent gasoline, and produces more CO2.)
After you get used to it you don't really feel exhausted. Yes commuting 20 miles by bike is definitely an upper limit, at least for me, but I do know people with longer bike commutes.
So assuming you fuel yourself with pure beef, the most unsustainable food I could find, you'd need about .85 kg to get 2000 calories. On average the production of beef releases about 13.3 kg of CO2 per kg of beef, so we're looking at 11.305 kg of CO2 per commute. The average CO2 produced for a medium sized car is about .5 kg per mile. So for the same 40 mile commute you're looking at around 20 kg of emissions. So even if you choose to only eat the most unsustainable food it's still better than driving. If you switch to pork or poultry you can reduce that 11.305 kg of CO2 by about 75%. Cars just don't even come close.
This is patently absurd. A more gross generalization could hardly be made.
And the average between this and reality is worse than the status quo, so when politicians compromise, we get worse off overall.
Irrational people...
I bike two miles to work, I work, I bike home. I walk or bike to a grocery store, and carry my goods back. I walk or bike to bars, and come back.
If a car is absolutely essential for getting into work, either you or your company is doing it wrong.
EDIT: Ah yes, and this is in probably one of the sprawliest, least bike-friendly cities in the US.
A friend of mine was killed riding her bike when a cop ran into her. I live in a relatively small city, and traffic was not busy at the time.
It's a simple fact that cycling with automobile traffic is far more dangerous than driving. Take that risk if you want to; it's your life (though if you're killed by a car, it could be your fault, and it could ruin the driver's life too). It's not wrong to refuse to take that extra, unnecessary risk!
If you think that everyone should do what you do or else they're "doing it wrong", you are thinking wrongly.
Indeed, if biking is so dangerous, I propose that there is something wrong with the traffic rules--there's a great writeup about how streets were (at the beginning of the 20th century) almost completely mixed-mode transportation and that car companies pushed for redefining norms to plant the idea that they were only for cars.
You've been brainwashed.
I'm a proponent of the floating parking lane we've adopted in NYC as it also keeps cyclists away from pedestrians and melds nicely when a bike line ends.
Seems highly unlikely to be something people support unless bikes are >25% of all traffic in an area. I don't know anywhere in the US where that's the case. (Maybe on a university campus or something?)
In Washington, DC, 4.1 percent of working residents regularly commuted by bike last year; it was 3.8 percent in San Francisco, 2.3 percent in Philadelphia, 2 percent in Boston, 1.6 percent in Chicago, and 1 percent in NYC. NYC increased from .6 percent to 1 percent over the course of a few years by investing more heavily in bike infrastructure.
One thing to keep in mind is that these numbers are for daily commuters. When you look at casual riders, people running errands, etc, and then hone in on certain neighborhoods the numbers can sky rocket. The Brooklyn chapter of Transportation Alternatives has done mode (of transportation) counts in certain neighborhoods and in many areas count 20-30% of all traffic on the street as being bikes, going over 50% in some neighborhoods for some sprints.
However, the situations aren't entirely comparable, as typical bike usage in Japan is fairly local (to local shops or between home and the station), with public transport being used for longer trips (thus the emphasis on bike parking around stations and other major destinations). Japanese urban layout, which clusters housing and commerce around the nodes of an extremely large and dense public transport network, tends to encourage such usage.
Americans, as I understand it are more likely to view bicycling as an alternative to public transport rather than as an adjunct to it, and thus want faster speeds and more extensive bike routes.
Probably buying a street motorcycle as soon as my health insurance kicks in, though, which solves all of this.
Because of that greater transit-network density in the more central areas, bike usage is generally greater in the suburbs and slightly less dense areas of the city.
When people lock their bikes at all, it's mostly with very simple locks, thin cable or just a sort of built-in thing that stops the wheels from rotating. That's enough to discourage very casual (or accidental) theft.
I guess partly it's cultural, but also compared to the modern U.S., I think expensive high-end bikes are less common in Japan, so maybe bike theft is also less profitable. [Though I have seen obviously very expensive carbon fiber road bikes and the like just locked up in an alleyway with a thin cheap cable lock...!]
When you take driving lessons in Germany, an essential part of it is how to handle traffic around you. There are many intersections you need to watch out for pedestrians and bicycles, when turning left, and the hard part is, sometimes bicycles drive faster than cars!
But when you have a lot of bicycles, this also gives room for new ideas like mobile repair services: http://www.startnext.de/en/harryandmarv
I can see that as being plausible, assuming self-driving cars become required. We won't need bike lanes to provide safety for cyclists then because the self-driving cars will be good at not running into cyclists.
I've lived and/or worked in Boston/Cambridge for 20 years and can't think of a single person who ever took a bike that would have otherwise driven (as evidenced by the fact that they would take the train during the winter or bad weather).
Bikes, trains, buses and walkable neighborhoods all offer alternatives to cars. If a city only had the last three but not bikes, I expect more people would have cars.
Some people uses cases would be fully covers by the final three, but some might find it more difficult and drive.
For example, I live in Montreal. I walk, take metros, and bike. I don't like buses, and can't be bothered to figure out schedules.
Without bikes, I'd just walk and metro. But if I didn't live near a metro, and couldn't bike, I'd probably use the local short term car rental options more often.
All four options are complementary. Remove one, and you'll harm the ensemble.
Exactly my point. You wouldn't buy a car. People who live in Boston/Cambridge only use their car to get out of the city, not travel within it. For people outside of the city coming in, bikes are not a replacement (trains and buses are).
Now if the plan is to have fewer people coming into the city, then bike lanes are great for discouraging that, but I'm going to guess that is not what the cities want. For example, I have a new startup and since we mostly live outside of the city proper and are tired of commuting in (especially to the nightmare of Kendall Square), we're setting up shop in the suburbs where there is unfortunately no public transportation.
Or, I know this is a dramatic suggestion, you could move to Cambridge. You could encourage your employees to move to Cambridge. Then you'd be able to walk/ride to work. You'd probably have to give up your yard, and perhaps pay rent instead of a mortgage.
My point was that all factors count. In cities without metros, some people still take transit and bike, but more people take cars. In cities with poor biking, some people still metro and bus. But the more non-car options you have, the easier it is the not have a car.
You're making the argument "since bikes are not required in most cases, they're not useful". But you could say the same about any of the other four factors I listed.