I think what GP is complaining about is the compilation step, which requires a JVM and isn't exactly the fastest.
Touche - You don't need project.clj and leiningen and can run a command basically like you're asking for. I'm not sure how much faster it is than using leiningen and cljsbuild, as I haven't tried it: https://github.com/clojure/clojurescript/wiki/Quick-Start#cl...
You could also use something like Nailgun too, if that is more desirable.
When I develop in ClojureScript, I generally avoid rebuilding altogether whenever possible (auto or otherwise) and instead have my editor send changes to the browser REPL. I don't know if you can do this with node too, but it would seem odd if not. This seems to be the preferred approach by most Clojure devs.
Btw, I ran: time lein cljsbuild once on a project with a minor change (added a line break) and it took 22 seconds.... so this is also what I'm talking about.
Transpiling a bucket load of any language in a warm jvm will be less than 2-3 seconds, and could easily be done on page refresh.
to give you some perspective, we have massive closure apps, first compilation on my (very powerful) desktop takes a minute 30 seconds or so (advanced optimizations and several other extremely stringent flags along with quite a few compiler plugins we wrote) keeping the jvm warm, and compiling with these same flags + plugins, the time comes down to under 5 seconds.
This is a good analysis of why Clojure startup is slow: http://nicholaskariniemi.github.io/2014/02/25/clojure-bootst...
This is why I think ClojureScript/Node should become the "default" environment for writing Clojure. It would open up Clojure to a new class of apps that are currently not practical.
I can't see them porting the cross compilation of clojurescript to node.