Israel Gelfand's stuff is model for enrichment at an upper level. Alexander Zvonkin's "Math from 3 to 7" book published by MSRI could be a model for younger kids.
I think the "new math"materials for the '60s and '70s and the Eastern European materials from a similar period provide a model for education. Unfortunately, they require mathy folks to present and interpret the material.
PS. I'm not criticizing public school teachers. I also feel inadequate. In order to teach DS7, I feel like I should probably work through Herstein's Abstract Algebra. I'll put it on the list... Currently I'm working through Euclid... Next Fall our homeschool will have a geometric focus... after that... who knows.
[1] See http://gcpm.rutgers.edu/books.html ... this was a pale imitation of what Soviet era math circles would offer but is still way beyond anything extant.