Go produces fat binaries, probably not what you expect from this tiny tools. I even believe some linux distributions forbid packages that don't use shared libraries.
The "hello world" from the tutorial compiles to a 1MB executable (dynamically linked with the C library but statically linked with the rust library). The equivalent C program creates a 6.5KB binary with gcc.
High-level description the runtimes: http://doc.rust-lang.org/master/guide-runtime.html
Avoiding the standard library/runtime: http://doc.rust-lang.org/master/guide-unsafe.html#avoiding-t... (don't miss the "Using libcore" subsection)