Edit: To clarify my standpoint I tested this on a friend of mine (person A), that hides his friendslist from everyone but his closest friends.
It just happens that I also befriended the persons best friend (person B), and therefore I tried to get the mutual friends between person A and B. What I received were 38 mutual friends, even though I can only see one mutual friend between myself person A.
That is clearly information that person A didn't intend to share with me, therefore there has to be a bug or stupidity on Facebooks side involved to uncover this information to me.